认知语言学基础及其应用 英文PDF电子书下载

Part Ⅰ Views,commitments,foundations and assumptions 1

1 Views and commitments 2

1.1 Three views 2

1.1.1 Experiential view 2

1.1.2 Prominent view 3

1.1.3 Attentional view 4

1.2 Two commitments 4

2 Foundations and assumptions 6

2.1 Foundations 6

2.1.1 Sensation and perception 6

2.1.2 Types of experience 6

2.1.3 Cognition and cognitive economy 7

2.2 Assumptions of language 8

Part Ⅱ Concept and category 11

3 Conceptualization,concept and concept structure 12

3.1 Conceptualization and concept 12

3.1.1 Conceptualization 12

3.1.2 Concept 14

3.2 Conceptual structure 15

3.2.1 Definition 16

3.2.2 What does conceptual structure look like? 16

3.2.3 Conceptual structure and semantic structure 17

4 Categorization and prototype category 20

4.1 Categorization 20

4.1.1 Definitions 20

4.1.2 Principles,rules and operation of categorization 21

4.1.3 Functions 24

4.1.4 Two dimensions 25

4.2 Prototype category 25

4.2.1 Family resemblance 25

4.2.2 Definitions of prototype category 26

4.2.3 Fuzziness of prototype category 27

4.2.4 Types of categories 27

4.2.5 Attribute structure of prototype category 28

4.2.6 Prototype 28

4.2.7 Basic-level category 33

4.2.8 Problems with prototype category theory 35

4.3 Concept and category 36

Part Ⅲ Theories of conceptual knowledge structures 38

5 Image schem 40

5.1 Image and schema 40

5.2 Image schema 40

5.2.1 Definitions of image schema 41

5.2.2 Classification of image schema 42

5.2.3 Properties of image schema 42

5.2.4 An inventory of image schemas 43

5.2.5 Illustration of some image schemas 44

5.3 Limitations 48

6 Cognitive model and cultural model 50

6.1 Culture 50

6.1.1 Definitions from the cognitive perspective 50

6.1.2 Classifications 51

6.1.3 Attributes and characteristics 52

6.2 Cognitive model and idealized cognitive model 53

6.2.1 Definitions and characteristics of cognitive model 53

6.2.2 Definitions and principles of idealized cognitive model 55

6.3 Cultural model 55

6.3.1 Definition 56

6.3.2 Two types 56

6.4 Connection and distinction of cultural model and cognitive model 56

6.5 Major influences of culture on cognition 57

7 Frame and domain 59

7.1 Frame 59

7.1.1 Definitions 59

7.1.2 Two basic components 62

7.1.3 Event frame 62

7.1.4 Speech event frame 63

7.2 Conceptual domain 64

7.2.1 Definition 64

7.2.2 Classification 65

7.2.3 Connection and distinction between image schema and basic domain 66

7.2.4 Two more characteristics of domain 68

7.2.5 Profile and base organisation 69

7.2.6 Active zones 71

7.3 Connection and distinction of Fillmore's theory of frame semantics and Langacker's theory of domain 72

8 Encyclopedic knowledge network and formal unit concept frame 75

8.1 Encyclopedic knowledge network 75

8.1.1 Basis of encyclopedic semantics 75

8.1.2 Definition of encyclopedic knowledge network 75

8.1.3 Types of encyclopedic knowledge 76

8.1.4 Four continua 78

8.1.5 Conventionality versus non-conventionality 78

8.1.6 Influences of the types of encyclopedic knowledge upon centrality 79

8.1.7 Distinction between encyclopedic meaning and contextual meaning 79

8.2 Formal unit concept frame 80

8.2.1 Conceptual segmentation 81

8.2.2 Lexical concept and formal unit concept 81

8.2.3 Definition of formal unit concept frame 81

8.2.4 Application fields 81

8.3 The connection and distinction between the two guys 82

8.3.1 Connection 82

8.3.2 Distinction 83

9 Mental space 85

9.1 Definitions 85

9.2 Complex relationship between language and cognition 86

9.3 Meaning construction 89

9.3.1 General introduction 89

9.3.2 The architecture of the process of meaning construction 90

9.3.3 Dynamic nature of meaning construction 95

Part Ⅳ Theories of cognitive operations 96

10 Conceptual metaphor 98

10.1 Resemblance metaphor 98

10.1.1 Schematic form 98

10.1.2 Basis 98

10.1.3 Definition 99

10.1.4 Image metaphor 99

10.2 Conceptual metaphor 99

10.2.1 Focus and significance 100

10.2.2 Definitions 101

10.2.3 Most common target and source domains and their characteristics 102

10.2.4 Metaphorical entailments 104

10.2.5 Conceptual metaphor system 105

10.2.6 Conceptual metaphor and image schema 106

10.2.7 Characteristics 109

10.2.8 Major problems 111

11 Conceptual metonymy 113

11.1 Definitions 113

11.1.1 By Lakoff＆Johnson(1980) 113

11.1.2 By Langacker(1993) 113

11.1.3 By K？vecses＆Radden(1998) 113

11.1.4 By Croft(1993) 114

11.1.5 By Croft＆Cruse(2004:48) 114

11.1.6 By Evans＆Green(2006:314) 114

11.1.7 By Panther(2006) 114

11.1.8 Conclusion 115

11.2 Classification 115

11.2.1 Part-whole/whole-part relationship 116

11.2.2 Part-part relationships 118

11.2.3 Simple and compound metonymy 122

11.3 Properties and characteristics 123

11.3.1 Properties 123

11.3.2 Characteristics 124

11.4 Cognitive principles for selection of a source/vehicle 124

11.5 Differences between conceptual metaphor and metonymy 125

11.5.1 Metonymy represented by the formula B for A 125

11.5.2 Metonymy functioning as a reference differently from metaphor 126

11.5.3 Metonymy motivated by physical or causal associations 126

11.5.4 Metonymy：not a cross-domain mapping 127

12 Conceptual blending 128

12.1 Objective of conceptual blending theory 128

12.2 Network of conceptual blending 130

12.2.1 Illustration of the basic network of conceptual blending 130

12.2.2 Difference between mental space and conceptual domain 132

12.2.3 Composition of integration network 133

12.2.4 Kinds of integration network 134

12.2.5 Application to a non-linguistic example of meaning construction 138

12.3 Constitutive processes and consequences 139

12.4 Goals of conceptual blending achieved by compressing 140

12.4.1 Vital relations 141

12.4.2 Types of vital relations and their compressions 142

12.4.3 Disintegration and decompression 147

12.5 Multiple blending 147

12.6 Constraints on the theory 149

12.6.1 Governing principles 149

12.6.2 Brief discussion of two principles 151

12.7 Identification and complementation of conceptual blending theory and conceptual metaphor theory 151

12.7.1 Identification 151

12.7.2 Complementation 152

Part Ⅴ Cognitive approaches to form and meaning 154

13 Talmy's approach to grammar 158

13.1 Grammatical meaning is schematic 159

13.2 Primary basic domains and conceptual alternativity 161

13.2.1 SPACE and TIME domains 161

13.2.2 Conceptual alternativity 162

13.3 Conceptual structuring system 163

13.3.1 Configurational structure system 164

13.3.2 Attentional system 169

13.3.3 Perspectival system 171

13.3.4 Force-dynamics system 173

14 Langacker's approach to grammar 175

14.1 Conceptual basis of word classes 175

14.1.1 Nominal predication 176

14.1.2 Relational predication 177

14.2 Attention 178

14.2.1 Selection：profiling 179

14.2.2 Perspective：trajector-landmark organisation and deixis 183

14.2.3 Abstraction：profiling 186

14.3 Force-dynamics 187

14.4 Categorization and polysemy in grammar：the network conception 188

15 Construction grammar 191

15.1 Construction 191

15.1.1 Definitions 191

15.1.2 Properties 192

15.1.3 Similarities and differences between the definitions of Langacker and Goldberg 192

15.2 Constructional approaches to grammar developed within cognitive linguistics 193

15.2.1 Construction grammar by Goldberg 193

15.2.2 Croft's approach 210

15.2.3 Embodied construction grammar by Bergen＆Chang 211

15.3 Comparison among constructional approaches to grammar 212

16 Grammaticalisation 215

16.1 General introduction 215

16.1.1 Definition 215

16.1.2 Nature 215

16.1.3 Renewal process 216

16.1.4 Patterns 219

16.2 Three cognitive theories of grammaticalisation 219

16.2.1 Metaphorical extension approach 219

16.2.2 Invited inferencing theory 224

16.2.3 Langacker's subjectification approach 228

16.3 Comparison among the approaches：taking be going to as an example 230

Appendix 1 Referential key points of the answers to the pre-lecture questions 233

Appendix 2 Referential key points of the answers to the in-lecture questions 250

Appendix 3 Instances of students'after-lecture research practices 277

References 293

后记 299