现代语言学流派简介PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Notion of Language 1

1.2 Design Features of Language 2

1.3 Notion of Linguistics 4

1.4 Differences Between Schools and Branches 5

1.4.1 Branches of Linguistics 5

1.4.2 Schools of Linguistics 5

1.5 Major Distinctions Between Language and Linguistics 6

Chapter 2 The Beginning of Modern Linguistics 9

2.1 A Brief Introduction to Saussure 9

2.2 The Source of Saussure's Thought 9

2.3 Saussure's Contributions to Linguistics 10

2.4 Saussure's Legacy 12

Chapter 3 Early European Functionalism 15

3.1 Background of the Prague School 15

3.2 Theories of Language of the Prague School 16

3.3 Functional Sentence Perspective 18

3.4 Information Structure and Sentence Structure 19

3.4.1 General Concept of Information Structure and Sentence Structure 19

3.4.2 Two Principles in the Information Structure and Sentence Structure 20

3.4.3 Manifestations of Information Structure 20

3.4.4 Summary 20

3.5 The Copenhagen School 21

3.5.1 Background of the Copenhagen School 21

3.5.2 Linguistic Theories About Language from the Copenhagen School 21

3.6 The London School 22

3.6.1 B.Malinowski 22

3.6.2 J.R.Firth 23

Chapter 4 Systemic-functional Linguistic Theory 27

4.1 A Brief Introduction to M.A.K.Halliday 27

4.2 Halliday's View on Language 28

4.2.1 Formation of Halliday's View on Language 28

4.2.2 Six Core Ideas of Systemic-functional Grammar 29

4.3 Systemic Grammar 31

4.3.1 Basic Concepts 31

4.3.2 Five Formulas of System Network 32

4.3.3 Realization of System 34

4.4 Functional Grammar 36

4.4.1 Ideational Function 37

4.4.2 Interpersonal Function 41

4.4.3 Textual Function 43

4.5 Halliday and Sociolinguistics 45

4.5.1 A Brief Introduction to Sociolinguistics 45

4.5.2 Halliday's Systemic-functional Linguistics and Sociolinguistics 46

Chapter 5 American Descriptive Linguistics and Structuralism 51

5.1 Beginning of American Linguistics 51

5.2 Boas'Linguistic Viewpoint and Contribution 52

5.3 Sapir and Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 54

5.3.1 Edward Sapir 54

5.3.2 Benjamin Lee Whorf 55

5.3.3 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 56

5.4 Bloomfield's Theory 58

5.5 Harris'Linguistic Views 62

5.6 Hockett's Grammatical Description 64

5.7 Pike's Tagmemics 66

5.8 Summary 69

Chapter 6 Transformational Generative Grammar 73

6.1 A Brief Introduction to Noam Chomsky 73

6.2 Chomsky's Philosophy of Language 75

6.2.1 Overview 75

6.2.2 The Innateness Hypothesis 76

6.2.3 Universal Grammar and Particular Grammar 77

6.2.4 Generative Grammar 78

6.3 The Classical Theory 79

6.3.1 Finite State Grammar 80

6.3.2 Phrase Structure Grammar 81

6.3.3 Transformational Grammar 83

6.4 The Standard Theory 85

6.4.1 Deep Structure VS Surface Structure 85

6.4.2 The Base Component 86

6.4.3 The Lexicon 87

6.5 The Extended Standard Theory 88

6.5.1 X-bar Theory 90

6.5.2 α-movement 92

6.5.3 Logical Form 95

6.6 Government and Binding Theory 96

6.6.1 Universal Grammar and Core Grammar 97

6.6.2 Principle System 98

6.7 The Minimalist Program 100

6.8 Summary 101