语言学导论PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 Preliminaries 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Language 2

1.3 Linguistics 5

1.4 A brief history of linguistics 9

1.5 Summary 12

Chapter 2 Phonetics and Phonology 14

2. 1 Introduction 14

2.2 Phonetics 14

2. 3 Phonology 22

2.4 Summary 29

Chapter 3 Morphology 32

3.1 Introduction 32

3.2 Morpheme 32

3.3 Morph and allomorph 35

3.4 Word formation 36

3.5 Summary 45

Chapter 4 Syntax 48

4. 1 Introduction 48

4. 2 The domain of synta 49

4. 3 Generative grammar 55

4. 4 Functional grammar 64

4. 5 Summary 69

Chapter 5 Semantics 71

5.1 Introduction 71

5.2 Word meaning 72

5.3 Semantic relations between words 72

5.4 Sentence meaning 76

5.5 Semantic relations between sentences 77

5.6 Mechanisms of semantic change 78

5.7 Summary 80

Chapter 6 Pragmatics 82

6. 1 Introduction 82

6. 2 Deixis 83

6. 3 Presupposition 85

6. 4 Speech acts 87

6.5 Conversational implicatures 88

6. 6 Conversation analysis 90

6. 7 Summary 92

Chapter 7 Discourse Analysis 94

7. 1 Discourse and discourse analysis 94

7.2 Information structure 96

7.3 Cohesion and coherence 101

7.4 Discourse marker 107

7.5 Multimodal discourse analysis 109

7.6 Critical discourse analysis 110

7.7 Summary 112

Chapter 8 Sociolinguistics 115

8. 1 Introduction 115

8.2 Language varieties 116

8.3 Language and gender 121

8.4 Choosing a code 123

8.5 Language planning 127

8.6 Methods for sociolinguistic investigation 128

8.7 Summary 130

Chapter 9 Stylistics 132

9.1 Introduction 132

9.2 Dimensions of variation 133

9.3 Stylistic codification 138

9.4 Linguistic approaches to stylistic analysis 142

9.5 Practical stylistics 147

9.6 Summary 147

Chapter 10 Psycholinguistics 150

10. 1 Introduction 150

10. 2 Language production 151

10. 3 Language comprehension 155

10. 4 Language acquisition 160

10. 5 Summary 162

Chapter 11 Cognitive Linguistics 165

11.1 Introduction 165

11.2 Categories and categorization 166

11.3 Conceptual metaphors 168

11.4 Conceptual metonymies 171

11.5 Image schemas 173

11.6 Construal 175

11.7 Iconicity 177

11.8 Summary 179

Chapter 12 Applied Linguistics 181

12. 1 Introduction 181

12.2 Some basic concepts 182

12.3 Second language acquisition 183

12.4 Second language teaching 189

12. 5 Language testing 192

12.6 Summary 194

Index 197

Answers to self-study activities 212