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Part One The United KingdomChapter 1 Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 3

Brief Introduction 3

Location and Area 4

Climate 4

Topography 5

Rivers and Lakes 7

Mountains and Hills 8

Population 9

Languages 10

Notes 11

New Words 12

Exercises 15

Chapter 2 History of the United Kingdom 18

Early Settlers 18

The Roman Invasion of Britain 18

Anglo-Saxon Conquests 19

Viking Challenge and the Rise of Wessex 20

Norman Conquest 20

Tudor England(1485-1603) 22

The House of Stuarts(1603-1714) 23

The Hanovarians(18th-19th Century) 25

Two World Wars(1918-1945) 26

21st Century 28

Notes 29

New Words 32

Exercises 33

Chapter 3 British Politics 36

General Introduction 36

The Monarchy 36

The Parliament 37

The British Government 39

The General Election 43

Political Parties 44

The Judicial System 46

Notes 49

New Words 50

Exercises 50

Chapter 4 Economy 53

General Introduction 53

Economic Sectors 56

Global Financial Crisis Impacts upon the UK and the World Economy 60

Notes 62

New Words 63

Exercises 66

Chapter 5 Military 68

Overview 68

History 68

Structure 71

Equipment 73

Uniforms 74

Recruitment 75

Notes 77

New Words 77

Exercises 79

Chapter 6 Culture and Education 81

Introduction 81

Culture 81

Education 86

Notes 92

New Words 93

Exercises 94

Chapter 7 Religion 96

General Introduction 96

Role in History and Modern Society 97

Christianity 98

Other Religions 101

Religious Views about Social Issues 104

Notes 106

New Words 107

Exercises 109

Chapter 8 Literature and Arts 112

Literature 112

Arts 120

Notes 124

New Words 125

Exercises 126

Part Two The United StatesChapter 1 Brief Introduction to the United States of America 133

Brief Introduction 133

Location and Area 134

Climate 135

Topography 136

Rivers and Lakes 137

Mountains and Hills 138

Population 139

Languages 140

Notes 141

New Words 143

Exercises 146

Chapter 2 History of the United States 149

The Discovery of the New World 149

The Colonial Period(1600-1763) 149

The Independence War of America(1763-1783) 152

Territory Expansion and the Westward Movement(1789-1849) 152

The Civil War 153

The US Imperialism and World War Ⅰ 155

World War Ⅱ(1939-1945) 156

Post-World War Ⅱ 157

Toward the 21st Century 158

The 21st Century 158

Notes 160

New Words 162

Exercises 163

Chapter 3 American Politics 165

Why Government 165

The United States Constitution 165

Federalism 167

The United States Congress 167

The Executive Branch 169

The Federal Judiciary 170

The Legislative Process 171

Voting in America 171

Political Parties 173

Notes 175

New Words 176

Exercises 177

Chapter 4 Economy 179

Introduction 179

Economic Sectors 183

Notes 189

New Words 190

Exercises 192

Chapter 5 Military 194

Overview 194

History 195

Structure of US Army 199

Personnel 200

Equipment 200

Recruitment 201

Notes 202

New Words 203

Exercises 205

Chapter 6 Culture and Education 207

Introduction 207

Culture 207

Education 212

Notes 219

New Words 220

Exercises 221

Chapter 7 Religion 223

General Introduction 223

The Principal American Religions 223

Characteristics of American Religion 228

Religion in Today's America 231

Religious Views about Social Issues 232

Notes 233

New Words 234

Exercises 235

Chapter 8 Literature and Arts 239

Literature 239

Arts 249

Notes 252

New Words 254

Exercises 255

Appendix Ⅰ:Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom 257

Appendix Ⅱ:Presidents of the United States 263

References 271