系统分析与设计基础 英文PDF电子书下载

Preface xiPART Ⅰ FOUNDATIONS FOR SSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 2

Chapter 1 The Systems Development Environment 2

What Is Information Systems Analysis and Design? 4

Systems Analysis and Design:Core Concepts 4

Systems 6

Definition of a System and Its Parts. 6

Important System Concepts 7

A Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design 10

Your Role in Systems Development 11

Types of Information Systems and Systems Development 12

Transaction Processing Systems 13

Management Information Systems 13

Decision Support Systems 14

Information Systems:An Overview 14

Developing Information Systems and the Systems Development Life Cycle 15

Phase 1:Systems Planning and Selection 17

Phase 2:Systems Analysis 17

Phase 3:Systems Design 18

Phase 4:Systems Implementation and Operation 18

Approaches to Development 20

Prototyping 21

Computer-Assisted Software Engineering(CASE)Tools 21

Joint Application Design 22

Rapid Application Development 22

Participatory Design 23

Agile Methodologies 24

Key Points Review 24

Key Terms Checkpoint 25

Review Questions 26

Problems and Exercises 27

Discussion Questions 27

Case Problems 27

Chapter 2 The Sources of Software 30

Introduction 31

Systems Acquisition 32

Outsourcing 32

Sources of Software 33

Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software 37

Reuse 41

Key Points Review 44

Key Terms Checkpoint 44

Review Questions 45

Problems and Exercises 45

Field Exercises 45

Chapter 3 Managing the Information Systems Project 46

Pine Valley Furniture Company Background 48

Managing the Information Systems Project 49

Initiating the Project 53

Planning the Project 57

Executing the Project 64

Closing Down the Project 67

Representing and Scheduling Project Plans 68

Representing Project Plans 70

Calculating Expected Time Durations Using PERT 70

Constructing a Gantt Chart and Network Diagram at Pine Valley Furniture 71

Using Project Management Software 74

Establishing a Project Starting Date 75

Entering Tasks and Assigning Task Relationships 75

Selecting a Scheduling Method to Review Project Reports 76

Key Points Review 77

Key Terms Checkpoint 78

Review Questions 79

Problems and Exercises 79

Discussion Questions 81

Case Problems 82

Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Company Background 84

PART Ⅱ SYSTEMS PLANNING AND SELECTION 92

Chapter 4 Systems Planning and Selection 92

Identifying and Selecting Projects 94

The Process of Identifying and Selecting Information Systems Development Projects 94

Deliverables and Outcomes 97

Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects 98

The Process of Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects 98

Deliverables and Outcomes 99

Assessing Project Feasibility 100

Assessing Economic Feasibility 102

Assessing Other Feasibility Concerns 108

Building the Baseline Project Plan 109

Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan 115

PVF WebStore:Systems Planning and Selection 118

Internet Basics 118

Pine Valley Furniture WebStore 120

Key Points Review 123

Key Terms Checkpoint 124

Review Questions 125

Problems and Exercises 126

Discussion Questions 127

Case Problems 127

Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Initiating and Planning a Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System 129

PART Ⅲ SYSTEMS ANALYSIS 134

Chapter 5 Determining System Requirements 134

Performing Requirements Determination 136

The Process of Determining Requirements 136

Deliverables and Outcomes 137

Requirements Structuring 138

Traditional Methods for Determining Requirements 138

Interviewing and Listening 138

Directly Observing Users 143

Analyzing Procedures and Other Documents 144

Modern Methods for Determining System Requirements 147

Joint Application Design 148

Using Prototyping During Requirements Determination 151

Radical Methods for Determining System Requirements 152

Identifying Processes to Reengineer 153

Disruptive Technologies 154

PVF WebStore:Determining System Requirements 155

System Layout and Navigation Characteristics 155

WebStore and Site Management System Capabilities 156

Customer and Inventory Information 157

System Prototype Evolution 157

Key Points Review 158

Key Terms Checkpoint 159

Review Questions 160

Problems and Exercises 160

Discussion Questions 160

Case Problems 161

Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Determining Requirements for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System 162

Chapter 6 Structuring System Requirements:Process Modeling 166

Process Modeling 168

Modeling a System's Process 168

Deliverables and Outcomes 168

Data-Flow Diagramming Mechanics 169

Definitions and Symbols 170

Developing DFDs:An Example 172

Data-Flow Diagramming Rules 175

Decomposition of DFDs 176

Balancing DFDs 178

Using Data-Flow Diagramming in the Analysis Process 180

Guidelines for Drawing DFDs 180

Using DFDs as Analysis Tools 182

Using DFDs in Business Process Reengineering 183

Logic Modeling 185

Modeling Logic with Decision Tables 186

PVF WebStore:Process Modeling 189

Process Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 189

Key Points Review 191

Key Terms Checkpoint 192

Review Questions 193

Problems and Exercises 193

Discussion Questions 198

Case Problems 198

Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Process Modeling for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System 200

Chapter 7 Structuring System Requirements:Conceptual Data Modeling 204

Conceptual Data Modeling 206

The Process of Conceptual Data Modeling 207

Deliverables and Outcomes 207

Gathering Information for Conceptual Data Modeling 211

Introduction to Entity-Relationship Modeling 213

Entities 213

Attributes 215

Candidate Keys and Identifiers 215

Multivalued Attributes 216

Relationships 217

Conceptual Data Modeling and the E-R Model 217

Degree of a Relationship 218

Cardinalities in Relationships 219

An Example of Conceptual Data Modeling at Hoosier Burger 222

PVF WebStore:Conceptual Data Modeling 225

Conceptual Data Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 225

Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy 229

The Process of Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy 229

Generating Alternative Design Strategies 230

Developing Design Strategies for Hoosier Burger's New Inventory Control System 232

Selecting the Most Likely Alternative 234

Key Points Review 236

Key Terms Checkpoint 237

Review Questions 238

Problems and Exercises 238

Discussion Questions 241

Case Problems 241

Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Conceptual Data Modeling for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System 245

PART Ⅳ SYSTEMS DESIGN 248

Chapter 8 Designing the Human Interface 248

Designing Forms and Reports 250

The Process of Designing Forms and Reports 250

Deliverables and Outcomes 253

Formatting Forms and Reports 254

Designing Interfaces and Dialogues 262

The Process of Designing Interfaces and Dialogues 262

Deliverables and Outcomes 262

Designing Interfaces 263

Designing Dialogues 273

PVF WebStore:Designing the Human Interface 277

General Guidelines for Designing Web Interfaces 277

General Guidelines for Web Layouts 278

Designing the Human Interface at Pine Valley Furniture 279

Menu-Driven Navigation with Cookie Crumbs 280

Lightweight Graphics 280

Forms and Data Integrity 281

Template-Based HTML 281

Key Points Review 281

Key Terms Checkpoint 282

Review Questions 283

Problems and Exercises 283

Discussion Questions 284

Case Problems 284

Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Designing the Human Interface for the Customer Relationship Management System 286

Chapter 9 Designing Databases 290

Database Design 292

The Process of Database Design 292

Deliverables and Outcomes 294

Relational Database Model 297

Well-Structured Relations 298

Normalization 299

Rules of Normalization 299

Functional Dependence and Primary Keys 300

Second Normal Form 300

Third Normal Form 301

Transforming E-R Diagrams into Relations 302

Represent Entities 303

Represent Relationships 304

Summary of Transforming E-R Diagrams to Relations 306

Merging Relations 307

An Example of Merging Relations 307

View Integration Problems 308

Logical Database Design for Hoosier Burger 309

Physical File and Database Design 311

Designing Fields 312

Choosing Data Types 312

Controlling Data Integrity 314

Designing Physical Tables 315

Arranging Table Rows 317

Designing Controls for Files 321

Physical Database Design for Hoosier Burger 323

PVF WebStore:Designing Databases 325

Designing Databases for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 325

Key Points Review 327

Key Terms Checkpoint 329

Review Questions 330

Problems and Exercises 331

Discussion Questions 332

Case Problems 333

Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Designing the Relational Database for the Customer Relationship Management System 334

PART Ⅴ SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION 336

Chapter 10 Systems Implementation and Operation 336

Systems Implementation and Operation 338

The Processes of Coding,Testing,and Installation 339

Deliverables and Outcomes from Coding,Testing,and Installation 339

The Processes of Documenting the System,Training Users,and Supporting Users 340

Deliverables and Outcomes from Documenting the System,Training Users,and Supporting Users 340

The Process of Maintaining Information Systems 341

Deliverables and Outcomes from Maintaining Information Systems 342

Software Application Testing 343

Seven Different Types of Tests 343

The Testing Process 345

Acceptance Testing by Users 347

Installation 348

Planning Installation 348

Documenting the System 351

User Documentation 352

Preparing User Documentation 354

Training and Supporting Users 354

Training Information System Users 354

Supporting Information System Users 356

Support Issues for the Analyst to Consider 358

Why Implementation Sometimes Fails 359

Project Closedown 360

Conducting Systems Maintenance 361

Types of Maintenance 361

The Cost of Maintenance 362

Measuring Maintenance Effectiveness 363

Controlling Maintenance Requests 364

Configuration Management 365

Role of Automated Development Tools in Maintenance 366

Web Site Maintenance 366

Maintaining an Information System at Pine Valley Furniture 367

PVF WebStore:Systems Implementation and Operation 369

Systems Implementation and Operation for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 369

Key Points Review 371

Key Terms Checkpoint 373

Review Questions 374

Problems and Exercises 375

Discussion Questions 375

Case Problems 376

Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Designing a Testing Plan for the Customer Relationship Management System 377

Appendix A Object-Oriented Analysis and Design 380

The Object-Oriented Modeling Approach 380

Use-Case Modeling 381

Object Modeling:Class Diagrams 384

Representing Associations 385

Representing Generalization 387

Representing Aggregation 389

Dynamic Modeling:State Diagrams 390

Dynamic Modeling:Sequence Diagrams 391

Designing a Use Case with a Sequence Diagram 393

Moving to Design 394

Key Points Review 395

Key Terms Checkpoint 396

Review Questions 397

Problems and Exercises 397

Appendix B Agile Methodologies 399

The Trend to Agile Methodologies 399

Agile Methodologies 400

eXtreme Programming 402

The Heart of the Systems Development Process 403

Requirements Determination 404

Design Specifications 407

Implementation 409

Key Points Review 409

Key Terms Checkpoint 410

Review Questions 410

Problems and Exercises 410

References 411

Glossary of Acronyms 416

Glossary of Terms 418

Index 423

Photo Credits 433