二语叙事语篇主题推理研究PDF电子书下载

Introduction 1

0.1 Research Orientation 1

0.2 Objective of the Study 2

0.3 Outline of the Book 7

0.4 Summary 8

Chapter One Literature Review 9

1.1 Related Theories 9

1.1.1 An Overview of Schema Theory 9

1.1.2 Cognitive Views on Reading 14

1.1.3 Analysis of Narrative Text 20

1.1.4 Factors Constraining Inferential Process 26

1.2 Related Empirical Studies 45

1.2.1 On-line Inference Measures 45

1.2.2 Previous Studies of Thematic Inferential Activities 52

1.3 Summary 67

Chapter Two Models of Thematic Inference Generation and Theoretical Framework of the Present Study 69

2.1 Definition of Key Concepts 69

2.1.1 Theme 69

2.1.2 Reading Ability 71

2.1.3 Working Memory 72

2.2 Models of Generation of Relevant Thematic Inferences 75

2.2.1 The Minimalist Hypothesis 75

2.2.2 The Constructionist Theory 76

2.2.3 The Current-state Selection Theory 78

2.3 Theoretical Framework of the Present Study 80

2.4 Summary 86

Chapter Three General Methodology and Pilot Studies 87

3.1 General Design of the Study 87

3.2 Research Questions of the Study 89

3.3 Selection of Reading Comprehension Testing Materials 91

3.4 Selection of Participants 92

3.4.1 Selection of Skilled and Less Skilled Readers 92

3.4.2 Selection of High-span and Low-span Readers 93

3.4.3 Participants Selected for the Main Studies 99

3.5 Pilot Studies 101

3.5.1 Pilot Study 1 102

3.5.2 Pilot Study 2 104

3.5.3 Pilot Study 3 106

3.6 Summary 109

Chapter Four The Effects of Two Reader-based Factors on Thematic Inference Generation 110

4.1 Experiment 1 110

4.1.1 Research Questions 111

4.1.2 Method 112

4.1.3 Results of Experiment 1 120

4.1.4 Discussion 125

4.2 Experiment 2 131

4.2.1 Research Questions 132

4.2.2 Method 132

4.2.3 Results of Experiment 2 133

4.2.4 Discussion 138

4.3 Comparison of Participants'Response Latencies in Experiments 1 and 2 143

4.4 Summary 145

Chapter Five The Effects of Two Text-based Factors on Thematic Inference Generation 147

5.1 Experiment 3 147

5.1.1 Research Questions 148

5.1.2 Method 149

5.1.3 Results of Experiment 3 153

5.1.4 Discussion 156

5.2 Experiment 4 160

5.2.1 Research Questions 160

5.2.2 Method 161

5.2.3 Results of Experiment 4 164

5.2.4 Discussion 167

5.3 Summary 172

Chapter Six Testing the Time Course of Thematic Inferential Processing in a Narrative Discourse Context 175

6.1 Research Questions 176

6.2 Method 177

6.2.1 Participants 177

6.2.2 Materials 178

6.2.3 Research Design 181

6.2.4 Procedure 181

6.3 Results 182

6.3.1 Comprehension 183

6.3.2 Lexical Decision Errors 186

6.3.3 Lexical Decision Latencies 188

6.4 Discussion 194

6.4.1 The Time Course of Thematic Inference Generation 194

6.4.2 The Ability to Generate Knowledge-based Thematic Inferences 198

6.5 Summary 201

Chapter Seven General Discussion 203

7.1 General Discussion of the Experiments 203

7.2 Thematic Inferential Model of Narrative Text Comprehension 207

7.3 Summary 217

Chapter Eight Conclusion 218

8.1 Major Findings 218

8.2 Implications of the Study 222

8.2.1 Theoretical Implications 223

8.2.2 Methodological Implications 225

8.2.3 Pedagogical Implications 226

8.3 Limitations of the Study 231

8.4 Suggestions for Further Studies 234

8.5 Summary 238

References 239

Appendices 269

Appendix Ⅰ Results of Pilot Study 1 269

Appendix Ⅱ Results of Pilot Study 2 270

Appendix Ⅲ Results of Pilot Study 3 271

Appendix Ⅳ Instructions for Pilot Study 1(Scale) 273

Appendix Ⅴ Instructions for Experiment 1 and Experiment 2(Scale) 278

Appendix Ⅵ Instructions for Experiment 3 280

Appendix Ⅶ Instructions for Experiment 4 281

Appendix Ⅷ Instructions for Experiment 5 282

Appendix Ⅸ Instructions for the Assessment of Working Memory Capacity 283

Abbreviations 285

后记 286

Table 1.1 Properties of causal relations:event A causes event B 21

Table 3.1 Number of participants in the experiments 100

Table 3.2 Distribution of participants in terms of majors 101

Table 4.1 Results of independent samples t-test of participants'reading comprehension scores 112

Table 4.2 Test sentences used in the experimental conditions in Experiments 1 and 2 117

Table 4.3 Mean response errors as a function of priming condition and reading skill 121

Table 4.4 Mean response times as a function of priming condition and reading skill 122

Table 4.5 Results of independent samples t-test for thematic ratings 125

Table 4.6 Results of independent samples t-test of participants'reading span scores 133

Table 4.7 Mean response errors as a function of priming condition and reading span 134

Table 4.8 Mean response time as a function of priming condition and reading span 135

Table 4.9 Results of independent samples t-test for thematic ratings 137

Table 4.10 Results of independent samples t-test of skilled and high-span readers'response latencies 143

Table 4.11 Results of independent samples t-test of less skilled and low-span readers'response latencies 144

Table 5.1 Results of independent samples t-test of participants'reading comprehension scores 149

Table 5.2 Results of independent samples t-test for response times to target sentences as a function of title 154

Table 5.3 Results of within-participants effects for response latencies of title priming condition 155

Table 5.4 Results of between-participants effects for response latencies of title priming condition 155

Table 5.5 Results of post hoc comparison for response latencies as a function of titling conditions 156

Table 5.6 Results of independent samples t-test of participants'reading comprehension scores 162

Table 5.7 Results of independent samples t-test of participants'sentence reading times 165

Table 5.8 Results of paired samples t-test of skilled readers'sentence reading times 166

Table 5.9 Results of paired samples t-test of less skilled readers'sentence reading times 166

Table 6.1 Results of independent samples t-test of subjects'reading comprehension scores 178

Table 6.2 Characteristics of inference test words 179

Table 6.3 Samples of passages,target items,and comprehension items taken from List A 180

Table 6.4 Participants'comprehension scores as a function of SOA 183

Table 6.5 Results of ANOVA for comprehension scores as a function of reading skill and SOA conditions 184

Table 6.6 Participants'mean lexical decision error for targets as a function of SOA 187

Table 6.7 Participants'mean lexical decision latencies for targets as a function of SOA 189

Table 6.8 Results of within-participants effects for lexical decision latencies 189

Table 6.9 Results of between-participants effects for lexical decision latencies 191

Table 6.10 Results of paired samples t-test for lexical decision latencies as a function of appropriateness and SOA for skilled readers 192

Table 6.11 Results of independent samples t-test of the response lateneies as a function of SOA for skilled and less skilled readers 193

Figure 1.1 A simplified interactive parallel processing sketch 19

Figure 1.2 Representation of a story structure defined by story grammar 25

Figure 2.1 A simplified representation of working memory 73

Figure 4.1 Mean response errors as a function of reading skill and priming condition 122

Figure 4.2 Mean response latencies as a function of reading skill and priming condition 124

Figure 4.3 Mean response errors as a function of reading span and priming condition 135

Figure 4.4 Mean response latencies as a function of reading span and priming condition 137

Figure 5.1 Mean response latencies as a function of reading skill and title priming condition 157

Figure 5.2 Mean sentence reading times as a function of reading skill and priming condition 168

Figure 6.1 Mean lexical decision errors as a function of reading skill and appropriateness 188

Figure 6.2 Mean lexical decision latencies for topic words as a function of reading skill 190

Figure 6.3 Mean lexical decision latencies for topic words as a function of SOA condition and appropriateness 191

Figure 6.4 Mean lexical decision latencies as a function of reading skill and SOA 193

Figure 7.1 Thematic inferential model of narrative text comprehension for EFL learners 210