英语写作教程PDF电子书下载

PART ONE DICTI0N 1

1．Appropriateness 1

1.1 Popular and Learned Words 2

1.2 Colloquialisms 3

1.3 Slang 3

1.4 Consistency 4

1.5 Gcneral and Specific Words 5

1.6 Concrete and Abstract Words 7

2．Imagery 11

2.1 Simile 11

2.2 Metaphor 11

2.3 Personification 12

3．Exactitude 13

3.1 Denotation and Connotation 13

3.2 Euphemism 14

3.3 Idioms 15

3.4 Collocations 15

3.5 Vagueness,Jargon and Triteness 16

4．Using a Dictionary 21

4.1 How to Usea Dictionary Effectively 21

4.2 Dictionaries Intended for Chinese Learners of English 23

PART TWO THE SENTENCE 26

5．Types of Sentence 26

5.1 The Standard Sentence 26

5.2 The Balanced Sentencé 33

5.3 The Periodic,Loose Sentences 33

6．Effective Sentences 39

6.1 Revising Sentences for Clarity 40

6.2 Revising Sentences for Emphasis 45

6.3 Revising Sentences for Economy 49

6.4 Revising Sentences for Variety 51

7．Ineffective Sentences 58

7.1 Sentence Fragment and Period Fault 59

7.2 Run-on Sentence 61

7.3 Comma Splice 61

7.4 Fused sentence 62

7.5 Faulty Parallelisms 62

PART THREE THE PARAGRAPH 66

8．The Concept of an English Paragraph 66

8.1 Unity 66

8.2 Coherence 67

8.3 The Topic Sentence 68

8.4 Transitions 69

8.5 The Paragraph Outline 72

9．Paragraph Development 76

9.1 Paragraph Development by Listing 76

9.2 Paragraph Development by Examples 78

9.3 Paragraph Development by Comparison and Contrast 80

9.4 Paragraph Development by Defination 84

9.5 Paragraph Development by Classification 86

9.6 Paragraph Development by Space 88

9.7 Paragraph Development by Time 90

9.8 Paragraph Development by Process-description 91

9.9 Paragraph Development by Cause and Effect 92

9.10 Paragraph Development by Generalisation 94

PART FOUR THE COMPOSITION 109

10．Steps in Writing a Composition 109

10.1 Planning a Composition 109

10.2 Types of Outline 112

10.3 Writing the First Draft 116

10.4 Revising the First Draft 117

10.5 Making the Final Copy 119

11．Organization 125

11.1 Common Patterns of Organization 126

11.2 The Beginning 127

11.3 2The End 130

12．Types of Writing 132

12.1 Narration 132

12.2 Description 137

12.3 Exposition 145

12.4 Argumentation 149

PART FIVE LETTERS 154

13．Letter Form 154

13.1 The Informal Letter 154

13.2 The Business Letter 157

13.3 The Writing of an Envelope 169

13.4 The Formal Invitations 170

14．Essential Qualities of a Letter 171

14.1 The Content 171

14.2 The Language 172

15．Types of Letters 177

15.1 Personal Letters 177

15.2 Social Letters 182

15.3 Formal Letters 184

15.4 Business Letters 191

PART SIX PRACTICAL WRITING 202

16．Keeping a Diary 202

17．Note-taking 204

18．Resume'(Data Sheet) 208

19．Letters for Other Occasions 211

19.1 Announcements 211

19.2 Invitations 213

19.3 Notes and Memos 217

19.4 Notice and Poster 222

20．Report-writing 223

20.1 Reading Report 224

20.2 Periodic Report 227

20.3 Progress Report 229

20.4 Laboratory Report 229

PART SEVEN GRAMMAR SKlLLS 232

21．Principal Parts of Verbs 232

22．Tense Forms 236

23.Case 240

24．Agreement(Subject-Verb) 246

25．Agreement(Pronoun-Antecedent) 254

26．Faulty Complement 259

27．Punctuation 263

APPENDIX 278

Ⅰ．Rules for Capitalization 278

Ⅱ．Correction Symbols 285