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Unit One Fiction 1

1.1 understanding Fiction 2

1.2 Plot 7

David Herbert Lawrence and “Tickets，Please” 10

1.3 Character 23

Sherwood Anderson and “The Egg” 26

1.4 Point of View and Tone 38

Margaret Atwood and “Rape Fantasies” 40

1.5 Theme 51

James Joyce and “The Dead” 54

1.6 Style 92

Ernest Hemingway and “In Another Country” 94

1.7 Selected Commentaries 102

Mark Savin：“Coming Full Circle：Sherwood Anderson’s‘The Egg’” 102

L.J.Morrissery：“Inner and Outer Perceptions in Joyce’s ‘The Dead’” 106

1.8 Further Reading 114

Luigi Pirandello and “War” 114

Student Paper：“Defining ‘War’” 117

Unit Two Poetry 119

2.1 Understanding Poetry 120

2.2 Voice：Speaker and Tone 125

Robert Browning and “Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister” 127

2.3 Diction 136

William Blake and “London” 138

2.4 Imagery 144

William Shakespeare and Sonnet 130 146

2.5 Figures of Speech 153

Emily Dickinson and “I like to see it lap the Miles” 156

2.6 Sound and Rhythm 162

E.E.Cummings and “anyone lived in a pretty how town” 165

2.7 Selected Commentaries 171

Heather Glen： “The Stance of Observation in William Blake’s‘London’” 171

William Freedman：“Dickinson’s‘I like to see it lap the Miles’” 174

2.8 Further Reading 176

Robert Frost and “Design” 176

Student Paper：“An Unfolding of Robert Frost’s ‘Design’” 177

Unit Three Drama 181

3.1 Understanding Drama 182

3.2 Shakespearean Comedy 188

William Shakespeare andA Midsummer Night’s Dream 190

3.3 The Problem Play 210

George Bernard Shaw and Widowers’ Houses 212

3.4 The Feminist Theater 232

Susan Glaspell and Trifles 234

3.5 The Theater of the Absurd 249

Samuel Beckett and “Krapp’s Last Tape” 252

3.6 Selected Commentaries 263

Kate Kellaway：“Shaw-ly Some Mistake” 263

Robert Brustein：“Krapp’s Last Tape” 265

3.7 Further Reading 267

Sophocles and Antigon？ 267

Student Paper：“Antigon？：A Struggle between Human and Divine Powers” 300

Unit Four Literary Criticism 303

4.1 understanding Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism 304

4.2 Marxist Criticism 311

Raymond Williams and “Base and Superstructure in Marxist Cultural Theory” 314

4.3 Psychoanalytical Criticism 317

Sigmund Freud and “Creative Writers and Day-Dreaming” 320

4.4 Feminist Criticism 323

Sandra M.Gilbert，Susan Gubar and “The Madwoman in the Attic：The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination” 327

4.5 Postcolonial Criticism 330

Edward Said and “‘Introduction’ to Orientalism” 333

4.6 Selected Commentaries 336

Maggie Humm：“Feminist Futures” 336

Leela Gandhi：“The Limits of Postcolonial Theory” 338

4.7 Further Reading 341

Margaret Atwood and “Spelling” 341

Student Paper：“A Feminist Critique of Margaret Atwood’s ‘Spell-ing’” 343

Appendixes 345

1. Glossary of Literary Terms 345

2. Literary Background Information 350

3. Sample Papers 369

4. Websites for Further Studies 375

References 376