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CHAPTER 1 COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL BASICSSection A:All Things Digital 4

The Digital Revolution 4

Convergence 8

Digital Society 10

QuickCheck A 13

Section B:Digital Devices 14

Computer Basics 14

Personal Computers,Servers,Mainframes,and Supercomputers 16

PDAs,Smart Phones,and Portable Media Players 19

Microcontrollers 20

QuickCheck B 21

Section C:Digital Data Representation 22

Data Representation Basics 22

Representing Numbers,Text,and Pictures 23

Quantifying Bits and Bytes 26

Circuits and Chips 27

QuickCheck C 28

Section D:Digital Processing 29

Programs and Instruction Sets 29

Processor Logic 31

QuickCheck D 33

Section E:Password Security 34

Authentication Protocols 34

Password Hacks 36

Secure Passwords 38

QuickCheck E 41

CHAPTER 2 COMPUTER HARDWARESection A:Personal Computer Basics 44

Personal Computer Systems 44

Desktop and Portable Computers 46

Home,Game,and Small Business Systems 48

Buying Computer System Components 50

QuickCheck A 54

Section B:Microprocessors and Memory 55

Microprocessor Basics 55

Today's Microprocessors 58

Random Access Memory 59

Read-Only Memory 61

EEPROM 62

QuickCheck B 63

Section C:Storage Devices 64

Storage Basics 64

Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology 66

CD,DVD,and Blu-ray Technology 69

Solid State Storage 72

Storage Wrapup 74

QuickCheck C 75

Section D:Input and Output Devices 76

Basic input Devices 76

Display Devices 78

Printers 80

Installing Peripheral Devices 82

QuickCheck D 85

Section E:Hardware Security 86

Anti-Theft Devices 86

Surge Protection and Battery Backup 87

Basic Maintenance 89

Troubleshooting and Repair 91

QuickCheck E 93

CHAPTER 3 COMPUTER SOFTWARESection A:Software Basics 96

Software Categories 96

Application Software 97

Utility Software 98

Device Drivers 100

QuickCheck A 100

Section B:Popular Applications 101

Document Production Software 101

Spreadsheet Software 106

"Number Crunching" Software 109

Database Software 110

Graphics Software 113

Music Software 115

Video Editing and DVD Authoring Software 116

Educational and Reference Software 116

Entertainment Software 117

Business Software 118

QuickCheck B 118

Section C:Buying Software 119

Consumer Basics 119

Software Copyrights and Licenses 122

QuickCheck C 127

Section D:Installing Software and Upgrades 128

Installation Basics 128

Installing Local Applications 130

Installing Portable Software and Web Apps 134

Software Updates 135

Uninstalling Software 136

QuickCheck D 137

Section E:Security Software 138

Security Software Basics 138

Security Suites 142

Antivirus Modules 143

QuickCheck E 145

CHAPTER 4 OPERATING SYSTEMS AND FILE MANAGEMENTSection A:Operating System Basics 148

Operating System Activities 148

User Interfaces 153

The Boot Process 156

QuickCheck A 157

Section B:Today's Operating Systems 158

Microsoft Windows 158

Mac OS 161

UNIX and Linux 165

DOS 166

Handheld Operating Systems 166

QuickCheck B 167

Section C:File Basics 168

File Names and Extensions 168

File Directories and Folders 169

File Formats 171

QuickCheck C 175

Section D:File Management 176

Application-based File Management 176

File Management Utilities 178

File Management Metaphors 179

Windows Explorer 180

File Management Tips 181

Physical File Storage 182

QuickCheck D 185

Section E:Backup Security 186

Backup Basics 186

File Copies and Synchronization 188

System Synchronization 190

File and System Backup 191

Bare-Metal Restore and Virtual Machines 194

QuickCheck E 195

CHAPTER 5 LANS AND WLANSSection A:Network Building Blocks 198

Network Classifications 198

LAN Standards 199

Network Devices 200

Clients,Servers,and Peers 201

Physical Topology 202

Network Links 203

Communications Protocols 204

QuickCheck A 207

Section B:Wired Networks 208

Wired Network Basics 208

HomePNA and Powerline Networks 209

Ethernet 210

Ethernet Equipment 212

Ethernet Setup 214

QuickCheck B 216

Section C:Wireless Networks 217

Wireless Basics 217

Bluetooth 219

Wi-Fi 220

Wi-Fi Equipment 220

Wi-Fi Setup 222

QuickCheck C 225

Section D:Using LANs 226

LAN Advantages and Challenges 226

Sharing Files 228

Sharing Printers 230

LAN Parties 232

Troubleshooting 232

QuickCheck D 233

Section E:Security Through Encryption 234

Wi-Fi Security 234

Encryption 237

QuickCheck E 239

CHAPTER 6 THE INTERNETSection A:Internet Technology 242

Background 242

Internet Infrastructure 243

Internet Protocols,Addresses,and Domains 245

Connection Speed 249

QuickCheck A 251

Section B:Fixed Internet Access 252

Dial-up Connections 252

DSL,ISDN,and Dedicated Lines 254

Cable Internet Service 256

Satellite Internet Service 258

Fixed Wireless Service 260

Fixed Internet Connection Roundup 261

QuickCheck B 261

Section C:Portable and Mobile Internet Access 262

Internet to Go 262

Wi-Fi Hotspots 263

Portable and Mobile WiMAX 264

Portable Satellite Service 265

Cellular Data Services 266

QuickCheck C 269

Section D:Internet Services 270

Real-Time Messaging 270

Voice Over IP 272

Grid Computing 274

FTP 276

File Sharing 277

QuickCheck D 279

Section E:Internet Security 280

Intrusion Attempts 280

Securing Ports 282

Routers and NAT 283

Virtual Private Networks 285

QuickCheck E 285

CHAPTER 7 THE WEB AND E-MAILSection A:Web Technology 288

Web Basics 288

HTML 290

HTTP 292

Web Browsers 293

Cookies 295

Web Page Authoring 297

HTML Scripts 299

QuickCheck A 301

Section B:Search Engines 302

Search Engine Basics 302

Formulating Searches 306

Citing Web-based Source Material 310

QuickCheck B 311

Section C:E-commerce 312

E-commerce Basics 312

Online Shopping 314

Online Auctions 316

Online Payment 317

QuickCheck C 319

Section D:E-mail 320

E-mail Overview 320

Netiquette 324

E-mail Technology 325

QuickCheck D 327

Section E:Web and E-mail Security 328

Cookie Exploits 328

Spam 331

Phishing 333

Fake Sites 333

QuickCheck E 335

CHAPTER 8 DIGITAL MEDIASection A:Digital Sound 338

Digital Audio Basics 338

Portable Audio Players 341

MIDI Music 342

Speech Recognition and Synthesis 344

QuickCheck A 345

Section B:Bitmap Graphics 346

Bitmap Basics 346

Scanners and Cameras 347

Image Resolution 349

Color Depth and Palettes 352

Image Compression 355

Bitmap Graphics Formats 358

QuickCheck B 359

Section C:Vector and 3-D Graphics 360

Vector Graphics Basics 360

Vector-to-Bitmap Conversion 363

Vector Graphics on the Web 364

3-D Graphics 365

QuickCheck C 367

Section D:Digital Video 368

Digital Video Basics 368

Producing Video Footage 369

Video Transfer 370

Video Editing 372

Video Output 373

Desktop,PDA,and Web Video 375

DVD-Video 377

QuickCheck D 379

Section E:Digital Rights Management 380

DRM Basics 380

Signal Scrambling and Digital Watermarks 381

CD Copy Protection 382

DVD and Blue-ray DRM 383

DRM for Digital Downloads 385

QuickCheck E 387

CHAPTER 9 THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY:HISTORY,CAREERS,AND ETHICSSection A:Computer History 390

Manual Calculators 390

Mechanical Calculators 391

Computer Prototypes 391

Generations of Computers 391

Personal Computers 398

QuickCheck A 400

Section B:The Computer and IT Industries 401

Industry Overview 401

Economic Factors 404

Product Development 406

Market Share 408

Marketing Channels 410

Industry Regulation 412

QuickCheck B 413

Section C:Careers for Computer Professionals 414

Jobs and Salaries 414

Education and Certification 418

Job Hunting Basics 421

Resumes and Web Portfolios 422

Job Listings 424

QuickCheck C 426

Section D:Professional Ethics 427

Ethics Basics 427

IT Ethics 429

Ethical Decision Making 433

Whistleblowing 436

QuickCheck D 437

Section E:Work Area Safety and Ergonomics 438

Radiation Risks 438

Repetitive Stress Injuries 440

Eye Strain 442

Back Pain 444

Sedentary Lifestyle 444

QuickCheck E 445

CHAPTER 10 INFORMATION SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGNSection A:Information Systems 448

Information Systems in Organizations 448

Transaction Processing Systems 451

Management Information Systems 453

Decision Support Systems 454

Expert Systems and Neural Networks 456

QuickCheck A 457

Section B:Systems Analysis 458

System Development Life Cycle 458

Planning Phase 459

Analysis Phase 463

Documentation Tools 464

QuickCheck B 467

Section C:System Design 468

Design Phase 468

Evaluation and Selection 471

Application Specifications 473

QuickCheck C 474

Section D:Implementation and Maintenance 475

Implementation Phase 475

Development and Testing 475

Documentation and Training 477

Conversion and Cutover 477

Maintenance Phase 479

QuickCheck D 481

Section E:Corporate Data Security 482

Information System Data Vulnerabilities 482

Information System Data Security 484

Corporate Identity Theft 486

QuickCheck E 487

CHAPTER 11 DATABASESSection A:File and Database Concepts 490

Database Basics 490

Database Models 494

QuickCheck A 501

Section B:Data Management Tools 502

Data Management Software 502

Database Management Systems 505

Databases and the Web 507

XML 510

QuickCheck B 512

Section C:Database Design 513

Defining Fields 513

Normalization 517

Organizing Records 519

Designing the Interface 520

Designing Report Templates 522

Loading Data 524

QuickCheck C 524

Section D:SQL 525

SQL Basics 525

Adding Records 527

Searching for Information 528

Updating Fields 530

Joining Tables 531

QuickCheck D 532

Section E:Database Security 533

Database Vulnerabilities 533

Database Security Measures 534

Database Security Regulations 536

What Individuals Can Do 538

QuickCheck E 539

CHAPTER 12 COMPUTER PROGRAMMINGSECTION A:PROGRAMMING BASICS 542

Computer Programming and Software Engineering 542

Programming Languages and Paradigms 544

Program Planning 548

Program Coding 550

Program Testing and Documentation 553

Programming Tools 554

QuickCheck A 556

Section B:Procedural Programming 557

Algorithms 557

Expressing an Algorithm 560

Sequence,Selection,and Repetition Controls 563

Procedural Languages and Applications 568

QuickCheck B 569

Section C:Object-Oriented Programming 570

Objects and Classes 570

Inheritance 572

Methods and Messages 573

Object-Oriented Program Structure 577

Object-Oriented Languages and Applications 579

QuickCheck C 580

Section D:Declarative Programming 581

The Declarative Paradigm 581

Prolog Facts 582

Prolog Rules 586

Input Capabilities 588

Declarative Languages and Applications 590

QuickCheck D 590

Section E:Secure Programming 591

Black Hat Exploits 591

Secure Software Development 593

Mitigation 596

QuickCheck E 597

QUICKCHECK ANSWERS 598

GLOSSARY 602