英语演讲艺术PDF电子书下载

CONTENTS第1章 英语演讲艺术：开篇 PUBLIC SPEAKING IN ENGLISH:AN IN-TRODUCTION 1

1.1 公共演讲与社会发展 Public Speaking and Society 3

1.2 英语演讲环境的三要素 Principles of English Public Speaking 6

1.3 成功英语演讲的标准 Criteria for Successful English Pub-lic Speaking 6

内容标准 Content Judgment 6

艺术标准 Artistic Judgment 7

语言标准 Language Judgment 8

道德标准 Ethical Judgment 9

1.4 演讲评比 Contest Judgment 10

1.5 英语演讲的种类 Types of Speech 11

1.6 如何提高英语演讲能力 Strategies for Improving English Public Speaking Abilities 11

认识英语演讲的要素 Understand the Rhetorical Con-text 12

多读、多听、多看、多思 Read,Listen,Watch,Think 12

实践、实践、再实践 Practice,Practice,Practice 13

战胜恐惧、战胜自我 Overcome Fear of Public Speaking 13

第2章　分析演讲的修辞环境 ANALYZING THE RHETORICAL CONTEXT 22

2.1 题目 Subject 23

演讲者与听众的社会关系 Speaker/Audience Social Re-lations 24

2.2 听众 Audience 24

听众对题目的兴趣、熟悉和了解程度 Audience's Knowl-edge About The Subject 25

听众对题目以及演讲者论点的态度 Audience's Attitudes to the Subject 26

2.3 目的与角色 Purpose and Role 30

2.4 其他因素 Other Factors 31

第3章 搜集、研究资料 GATHERING MATERIAL AND GENERAT-ING IDEAS 34

3.1 演讲资料 Kinds of Material 35

事例 Examples 35

叙事 Narratives 35

证词 Testimonies 36

事实和数据 Facts and Statistics 37

3.2 挖掘已有知识和阅历 Tapping Your Own Knowledge and Experience 38

自由写作法 Freewriting 38

激发思维法 Brainstorming 39

树枝分杈法 Branching 39

魔方六边法 Cubing 39

五个W／新闻公式法 Journalistic Formula 40

戏剧法 Dramatizing 41

3.3 调查研究 Gathering Material Through Research 43

实地研究 Field Research 44

图书馆研究Library Research 47

3.4 使用研究材料 Using Sources Judiciously 51

相关性 Relevancy 52

客观性 Objectivity 52

可信性 Credibility 53

代表性 Representativeness 53

翔实性 Sufficiency 54

第4章 讲稿的撰写 WRITING THE SPEECH 55

创造 Inventing 56

4.1 英语讲稿写作的一般要素 General Principles of Writing in English 56

构思 Planning and Organizing 57

起稿 Drafting 57

修改 Revising 57

校读 Editing and Proofreading 58

4.2 谋篇布局 Effective Planning and Organizing 58

时间原则与时间顺序结构 Chronological Order 60

空间原则与空间顺序结构 Spatial Order 61

逻辑原则 Organizing by Logic 62

引出题目和主旨 Introducing Topic and PurPose 71

预示要点 Previewing Main Points 71

4.3 讲稿的开首 Effective Introductions 71

吸引听众注意 Gaining Audience's Attention 72

4.4 讲稿的结尾 Effective Conclusions 79

结尾的作用 Functions of Conclusions 79

结尾的方法 Strategies for Effective Memorable Con-clusions 81

第5章 讲稿的语言特色 USING LANGUAGE EFFECTIVELY 84

5.1 句式 Sentence or Syntax 85

四个基本句式 Four Basic Sentence Types 85

句式变化 Sentence Variety and Maturity 87

其他句型 Other Syntactical Patterns 89

5.2 词汇 Diction 92

词汇要求 Effective Diction 92

词汇的层次 Levels of Diction 93

5.3 修辞格 Figurative Use of Language 102

诉诸听众的感官和想像力 Appealing to Audience's Senses or Imagination 103

明喻 Simile 103

暗喻 Metaphor 103

夸张 Overstatement/Hyperbole 104

轻描淡写 Understatement 104

第6章 成功演讲的方法和技巧 DELIVERING A SPEECH EFFECTIVELY 105

6.1 成功演讲的要素 Qualities of Effective Delivery 106

语言流畅 Fluent 107

大方自然 Natural 107

满腔热情 Enthusiastic 107

充满信心 Confident 107

直面听众 Direct 107

6.2 演讲的方法 Methods of Delivery 108

照稿宣读 Speaking from Manuscript 108

背诵演讲 Speaking from Memory 108

有备即席演讲 Speaking Extemporaneously 109

即兴演讲 Speaking Impromptu 109

6.3 声调因素 Vocal Factors in Delivery 110

发音发声 Pronunciation/Articulation 111

音量 Volume 112

音高和语调 Pitch/Intonation 112

速度 Rate 113

停顿 Pauses 114

变化有致 Vocal Variety 114

麦克风与声音效果 Microphone and Vocal Effectiveness 115

6.4 体态语因素 Nonverbal Factors in Delivery 115

体态语的作用 Functions of Nonverbal Factors 116

体态语的把握 Use of Body Language 117

体态语与跨文化交流 Cross-Cultural Perspective 120

6.5 练习和彩排 Practice and Rehearsal 120

紧扣主题和要点 Focus on the Message 121

借助录音机和／或摄像机 Practice with Tape Recorder/Camcorder 121

“实地”练习 Practice Under Realistic Conditions 121

把握演讲的时间 Time the Speech 122

第7章 说明性演讲 SPEAKING INFORMATIVELY 124

听众 Audience 125

题目 Subject 125

7.1 说明性演讲要素 Principles of Informative Speeches 125

目的 Purpose 126

7.2 说明性演讲的种类 Types of Informative Speeches 126

说明事物 Speeches About Objects 127

说明程序 Speeches About Processes 128

说明事情 Speeches About Events 130

说明概念 Speeches About Concepts 133

说明问题 Speeches About Issues 136

7.3 说明性演讲的注意事项 Tips for Successful Informative Speeches 142

第8章 说服性演讲 SPEAKING PERSUASIVELY 145

8.1 理性诉诸、感性诉诸和伦理诉诸 Logical,Emotional,and Ethical Appeals 146

理性诉诸 Logical Appeal 146

感性诉诸 Emotional Appeal 147

伦理诉诸 Ethical Appeal 147

8.2 门罗五步法 Monroe's Motivated Sequence 148

吸引注意 Attention 149

讲明需要 Need 149

满足措施 Satisfaction 150

展望前景 Visualization 151

呼唤行动 Action 152

8.3 说服性演讲的种类 Kinds of Persuasive Speeches 153

强化听众已有的态度、价值观和行为 To Reinforce Audience's Existing Attitudes,Beliefs,and/or Behavior 154

影响听众的态度、价值观和认识 To Influence Audience's Attitudes,Beliefs,and/or Understanding 155

影响听众的行为 To Influence Audience's Behavior 157

8.4 论辩：声称、证据、依据 Argument:Claim,Evidence,Warrants 158

声称 Claim 160

证据 Evidence 162

依据 Warrants 162

第9章 特殊场合的英语演讲 SPEAKING AT SPECIALPUBLIC SITUATIONS 166

介绍 Speeches of Introduction 167

9.1 特殊场合的演讲 Special Occasion Speeches 167

受奖 Speeches of Acceptance 170

授奖 Speeches of Presentation 173

“揉撕”和“吐司” Roasts and Toasts 176

颂文、悼词等 Eulogies and Other Tributes 178

9.2 专题讨论会、座谈会、听众问答 Pancls/Symposiums/Q A 180

专题讨论会 Panels 180

座谈会S ymposiums 181

听众问答 Q A:Questions and Answers 181

1．美国大学生演讲 Speeches by American College Students 187

附录一 英语演讲范例 SAMPLE SPEECHES 187

2．受奖与授奖演讲 Speeches of Presentation and Acceptance 208

3．奥斯卡金奖获得者受奖演讲节选 Academy Awards Accept-ance Speeches 220

4．毕业典礼演讲 Commencement Speeches 222

5．颂文、悼词等 Eulogies and Other Tributes 235

6．祝词等 Toasts 254

7．其他演讲 Other Speeches 256

附录二 名人名言选 QUOTABLE QUOTES 263

参考文献 WORKS CITED 277