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CONTENTS 1

Introduction to the TOEFL 1

Ⅰ．Listening Comprehension 1

Part A Similar Statements 1

Section Ⅰ　Listening Comprehension 4

Ⅰ Computations 6

Section Ⅱ Structure and Written Expression 8

Section Ⅲ Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension 9

Ⅱ Restatements 10

Ⅲ Negatives 14

Ⅳ Comparatives 18

Ⅴ Conditionals 23

Ⅵ Concessions 28

Part B Short Conversations 32

Ⅶ Computations 36

Ⅷ Identification 39

Ⅸ Direct Meaning 43

Ⅹ Implied Meaning 46

Ⅺ Review 51

Part C Mini-talks 55

Ⅻ Categorizing the Listening Selection 56

ⅩⅢ Anticipating Possible Questions 57

ⅩⅣ Practice Exercises for Mini-talks 58

1 Overheard Conversations 58

2 News Report 60

3 Informative Talk for General Public 62

4 Announcement and Advertisement 64

5 Personal Account 66

6 Academic Statement 69

7 Weather Report 71

8 Informative Speeches for Students 72

Transcripts for the Listening Comprehension PracticeExercises 74

Answer Key to Exercises 132

Model Tests 136

Transcripts for Model Tests 170

Answer Key to Model Tests 201

Ⅱ．Structure and Written Expression 203

Item Ⅰ The Number of Nouns 204

Item Ⅱ The Possessive Case of Nouns 211

Item Ⅲ Problems with Pronouns 213

Item Ⅳ Problems with Tense Usages 219

Item Ⅴ Problems with the Voice of Verbs 224

Item Ⅵ Problems with the Subjunctive Mood 226

Item Ⅶ Link Verbs 229

Item Ⅷ Problems with Verbals 231

Clauses and Participial Phrases 233

Item Ⅸ Problems with Abridged Dependent 233

Item Ⅹ Comparisons 239

Item Ⅺ Inversion 243

Item Ⅻ Parallelism 247

Item ⅩⅢ Problems of Wordiness 252

Item ⅩⅣ Problems with Correct Usage 256

Answer Key to Focused Exercises 265

Model Tests 269

Answer Key to Model Tests 301

Part A Vocabulary 303

Ⅲ．Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension 303

Ⅰ Roots and Affixes 306

Ⅱ Synonyms 331

Ⅲ Commonly Misused and Confusingly 345

Related Words 345

Ⅳ Important Affixes and Roots 353

1 Prefixes 353

2 Suffixes 356

3 Roots 359

Answer Key to Exercises 366

Model Tests 370

Answer Key to Model Tests 390

Part B Reading Comprehension 392

Ⅰ Finding the Main Idea of a Selection 392

Ⅱ Finding Specific Detail 410

Ⅲ Finding Implications and Drawing Infer-ences 441

Ⅳ Determining the Meaning of Strange 461

Words 461

Ⅴ Determining Special Techniques Used 468

by the Author 468

Answer Key to Exercises 471

Model Tests 475

Answer Key to Model Tests 525

Ⅳ．Essay Writing 527

A General Advice for Writing an Essay 539

B Specimen Essays 543

C Suggested Topics for Your Reference 549

Appendix 559

Ⅰ TOEFL Test,May 10,1986 559

Ⅱ Key to TOEFL Test,May 10,1986 584

Ⅲ TOEFL Examinee Information Slip 585

Ⅳ Application for Admission to Study 586

Ⅴ Student s Declaration of Finances 588