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PART1 INTRODUCTION TO TROUBLESHOOTING 3

Symptoms，Problems，and Solutions 3

PART1 INTRODUCTION TO TROUBLESHOOTING 3

Chapter 1 Troubleshooting Overview 3

Chapter1 Troubleshooting Overview 3

General Problem-Solving Moder 4

Preparing for Network Failure 5

Chapter2 Troubleshooting Tools 7

Using Router Diagnostic Commands 7

Chapter2 Troubleshooting Tools 7

Using Cisco Network Management Tools 11

Third-Party Troubleshooting Tools 13

Chapter3 Troubleshooting Hardware and Booting Problems 19

PART2 HARDWARE，BOOTING，AND MEDIA PROBLEMS 19

PART2 HARDWARE，BOOTING，AND MEDIA PROBLEMS 19

Chapter 3 Troubleshooting Hardware and Booting Problems 19

Booting the Router 20

Troubleshooting Hardware 23

Troubleshooting Booting Problems 51

Chapter4 Troubleshooting Ethernet 75

Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 75

Chapter 4 Troubleshooting Ethernet 75

Troubleshooting Ethernet 78

Chapter 5 Troubleshooting Fiber Distributed Data Interface 85

Chapter5 Troubleshooting Fiber Distributed Date Interface 85

FDDI Technology Basics 85

Troubleshooting FDDI 92

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Token Ring 103

Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 Comparison 103

Chapter6 Troubleshooting Token Ring 103

Token Passing 104

PhysICAL CONNECTIONS 105

THE PRIORITY SYSTEM 105

FAULT MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS 106

FRAME FORMATS 106

TROUBLESHOOTING TOKEN RING 107

PART3 TROUBLESHOOTING DESKTOP AND ENTERPRISE ROUTING PROTOCOLS 117

CHAPTER 7 TROUBLESHOOTING TCP/IP 117

INTERNET PROTOCOLS 117

PART3 TROUBLESHOOTING DESKTOP AND ENTERPRISE ROUTING PROTOCOLS 117

Chapter7 Troubleshooting TCP/IP 117

THE NETWORK LAYER 118

THE TRANSPORT LAYER 124

UPPER-LAYER PROTOCOLS 126

IP MULTICAST 126

TROUBLESHOOTING TCP/IP 130

NOVELL TECHNOLOGY BASICS 177

CHAPTER 8 TROUBLESHOOTING NOVELL IPX 177

Chapter8 Troubleshooting Novell IPX 177

MEDIA ACCESS 178

THE NETWORK LAYER 179

THE TRANSPORT LAYER 180

UPPER-LAYER PROTOCOLS 181

TROUBLESHOOTING NOVELL IPX 181

NOVELL SAPS 221

Chapter 9 Troubleshooting Apple Talk 229

APPLE TALK TECHNOLOGY BASICS 229

CHAPTER 9 TROUBLESHOOTING APPLE TALK 229

THE NETWORK LAYER 231

THE TRANSPORT LAYER 234

UPPER-LAYER PROTOCOLS 238

TROUBLESHOOTING APPLE TALK 238

CHAPTER 10 TROUBLESHOOTING IBM 281

SDLC 281

Chapter10 Troubleshooting IBM 281

SRB 284

TROUBLESHOOTING IBM 287

CHAPTER 11 TROUBLESHOOTING DECNET 333

DIGITAL NETWORK ARCHITEETURE 333

Chapter11 Troubleshooting DECnet 333

THE NETWORK LAYER 334

THE TRANSPORT LAYER 338

UPPER-LAYER PROTOCOLS 338

TROUBLESHOOTING DECNET 338

Chapter12 Troubleshooting ISO CLNS 359

CHAPTER 12 TROUBLESHOOTING ISO CLNS 359

ISO CLNS TECHNOLOGY BASICS 360

TROUBLESHOOTING ISO CLNS 363

CHAPTER 13 TROUBLESHOOTING BANYAN VINES 381

VINES TECHNOLOGY BASICS 381

Chapter 13 Troubleshooting Banyan VINES 381

VINES MEDIA ACCESS 382

THE NETWORK LAYER 382

THE TRANSPORT LAYER 387

TROUBLESHOOTING BANYAN VINES 387

THE NETWORK LAYER 395

Chapter 14 Troubleshooting XNS 395

CHAPTER 14 TROUBLESHOOTING XNS 395

THE TRANSPORT LAYER 397

UPPER-LAYER PROTOCOLS 398

TROUBLESHOOTING XNS 398

PART4 TROUBLESHOOTING SERIAL LINES AND WAN CONNECTIONS 409

Chapter 15 Troubleshooting Serial Line Problems 409

PART 4 TROUBLESHOOTING SERIAL LINES AND WAN CONNECTIONS 409

CHAPTER 15 TROUBLESHOOTING SERIAL LINE PROBLEMS 409

TROUBLESHOOTING USING THE SHOW INTERFACES SERIAL COMMAND 409

ADJUSTING BUFFERS 423

USING THE SHOW CONTROLLERS COMMAND 424

USING DEBUG COMMANDS 427

USING EXTENDED PING TESTS 428

TROUBLESHOOTING CLOCKING PROBLEMS 430

SPECIAL SERIAL LIN TESTS 438

DETAILED INFORMATION ON THE SHOW INTERFACES SERIAL COMMAND 441

Chapter 16 Troubleshooting DiaIin Connections 447

CHAPTER 16 TROUBLESHOOTING DIALIN CONNECTIONS 447

USING THE MODEM AUTOCONFIGURE COMMAND 448

ESTABLISHING A REVERSE TELNET SESSION TO A MODEM 448

INTERPRETING SHOW LINE OUTPUT 450

TROUBLESHOOTING DIALIN CONNECTIONS 454

CHAPTER 17 TROUBLESHOOTING ISDN CONNECTIONS 489

ISDN COMPONENTS 489

Chapter 17 Troubleshooting ISDN Connections 489

ISDN SERVICES 491

LAYER 1 491

LAYER 2 493

LAYER 3 493

TROUBLESHOOTING ISDN 494

Chapter 18 Troubleshooting Frame Relay Connections 523

CHAPTER 18 TROUBLESHOOTING FRAME RELAY CONNECTIONS 523

FRAME RELAY TECHNOLOGY BASICS 525

TROUBLESHOOTING FRAME RELAY 529

Chapter 19 Troubleshooting X.25 Connections 539

CHAPTER 19 TROUBLESHOOTING X.25 CONNECTIONS 539

X.25TECHNOLOGY BASICS 539

X.25FRAME FORMAT 541

TROUBLESHOOTING X.25 544

PART 5 TROUBLESHOOTING BRIDGING AND SWITCHING ENVIRONMENTS 553

CHAPTER 20 TROUBLESHOOTING TRANSPARENT BRIDGING ENVIRONMENTS 553

PART5 TROUBLESHOOTING BRIDGING AND SWITCHING ENVIRONMENTS 553

Chapter20 Troubleshooting Transparent Bridging Environments 553

TRANSPARENT BRIDGING TECHNOLOGY BASICS 553

TROUBLESHOOTING TRANSPARENT BRIDGING 558

Chapter21 Troubleshooting ATM Switching Environments 565

CHAPTER 21 TROUBLESHOOTING ATM SWITCHING ENVIRONMENTS 565

CELL RELAY PACKET HANDLING 565

TECHNOLOGIES COMPARED 565

ATM LABEL SWITCHING 568

THE ATM CELL 570

THE ATM ADAPTATION LAYER 572

THE ATM LAYER 575

PLACING CELLS ON A PHYSICAL TRANSPORT MEDIUM 575

TROUBLESHOOTING ATM SWITCHING ENVIRONMENTS 576

Chapter22 Troubleshooting LAN Switching Environments 587

TROUBLESHOOTING LAN SWITCHING ENVIRONMENTS 587

CHAPTER 22 TROUBLESHOOTING LAN SWITCHING ENVIRONMENTS 587

PART 6 TROUBLESHOOTING OTHER INTERNETWORK PROBLEMS 599

Chapter 23 Troubleshooting CiscoWorks Problesms 599

PART 6 TROUBLESHOOTING OTHER INTERNETWORK PROBLEMS 599

CHAPTER 23 TROUBLESHOOTING CISCOWORKS PROBLEMS 599

TESTING BASIC CONNECTIVITY AND SETUP 599

CISCO WORKS ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES 601

TROUBLESHOOTING CISCO WORKS 603

CHAPTER24 TROUBLESHOOTING SECURITY IMPLEMENTATIONS 611

TROUBLESHOOTING TACACS+AND XTACACS 611

Chapter 24 Troubleshooting Security Implementations 611

RECOVERING A LOST PASSWORD 623

PART 7 APPENDIXES 645

Appendix A Creating Core Dumps 645

PART 7 APPENDIXES 645

APPENDIXA CREATING CORE DUMPS 645

EXCEPTION COMMANDS 645

THE WRITE CORE COMMAND 646

SHOW COMMANDS 647

Appendix B Memory Maps 649

MAMORY MAPS AND TROUBLESHOOTING 649

APPENDIXB MEMORY MAPS 649

MEMORY MAPS 652

APPENDIXC TECHNICAL SUPPORT INFORMATION 673

GATHERING INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR INTERNETWORK 673

Appendix C Technical Support Information 673

PROVIDING DATA TO YOUR TECHNICAL SUPPORT REPRESENTATIVE 676

CCO 677

APPENDIXD REFERENCES AND RECOMMENDED READING 679

CISCO PRESS REFERENCES AND RECOMMENDED READING 679

Appendix D References and Recommended Reading 679

OTHER REFERENCES AND RECOMMENDED READING 679

APPENDIXE TROUBLESHOOTING WORKSHEETS 681

Appendix E Troubleshooting Worksheets 681

Index 689

Index 689