叶肢介化石PDF电子书下载

一、绪言 1

二、叶肢介的构造 7

（一）软体构造 7

（二）壳瓣特征 10

1．成分和结构 10

2．定向 11

3．形状和大小 11

5．壳腺 12

4．初壳（或胎壳） 12

6．生长线和生长带 13

7．装饰或纹饰 17

8．放射脊和其它构造 22

9．二态现象 23

10．受伤与修补 25

11．叶肢介化石与瓣鳃类化石的区别 26

三、叶肢介的个体发育 27

四、叶肢介的生态和古生态 31

五、叶肢介的分布 35

六、叶肢介化石的采集及处理 38

七、叶肢介的系统分类 40

（一）现生介甲类的分类 40

（二）叶肢介化石的分类 47

1．分类原则 48

2．分类系统 50

Paleolynceus Tasch,1956（＝Lynceoides Kobayashi,1973） 59

Family Paleolynccidae Tasch,1956 59

Superfamily Paleolyneeioidea Tasch,1956 59

Suborder Laevicaudata Linder,1945 59

Order Conchostraca Sars,1867 59

八、叶肢介的属征记述 59

Suborder Estheritiina Kobayashi,1973 60

Superfamily Lioestheriacea Raymond,1946,emend Holub et Kozur,1981 60

Family Palacolimnadiidae Tasch,1956 60

Palaeolimnadia Raymond,1946（＝Kontikia Novojilov,1958;Grandilimnadia Tasch,1979） 60

Pseudolimnadia Novojilov,1954（＝Trigolimnadia Novo-jilov,1954;Leptolimnadia Novojilov,1954） 61

Dictyolimnadia Shen,1976 62

Echinolimnadia Novojilov,1965 63

Bulbilimnadia Shen,1976 63

Jibeilimnadia Wang,1981 64

Asmussiella Novojilov,1955 65

Limnestheria Wright,1920 65

Cyclotuguzites Novojilov,1958（＝Ragozinia Novojilov,1958） 66

Wetlugites Novojilov,1958 67

Bilimnadia Novojilov,1960 68

Vileginia Novojilov,1958（＝Diaphora Novojilov,1946;non Diaphora Stephens,1828,Macquart 1834,L？w1878） 68

Notocrypta Novojilov,1954 69

Tigjanium Novojilov,1958 69

Sedovia Novojilov,1958 69

Palaeoestheria Barnard,1929 70

Liolimnadia Wang,1980 71

Family Palaeolimnadiopseidae Defretin,1965 71

Subfamily Palaeolimnadiopseinae Defretin,1965 71

Palaeolimnadiopsis Raymond,1946 71

Rossolimnadiopsis Novojilov,1958 72

Koreolimnadiopsis Ozaki,1970 73

Beigolimnadiopsis Novojilov,1958 73

Estheridium Novojilov,1958 74

Macrolimnadiopsis Beurlen,1954 74

Sajania Novojilov,1958 75

Mesolimuadiopsis Zhang et Chen,1976 76

Asiolimnadiopsis Liu,1982（＝Guangdong limnadiopsis Liu,1982;Biglimnadiopsis Liu,1982） 76

Neimongolimnadiopsis Liu,1982 77

Eosolimnadiopsis Chen,1976（＝Fuxianlimnadiopsis Liu,1982） 77

Anomalonema Raymond,1946（＝Pierrepruvostia Npvojilov,1958） 78

Subfamily Anomalonematinac.Novojilov,1958 78

Sinolimnadiopsis Wang,1980 78

Family Sinoestherüdae Chen et Shen,1982 80

Sinoesitheria Chang,1957 80

Ganesiheria Bi et Xie,1982 81

Sentestheria Wang,1981 81

Stanleyviella Chen et Shen（gen.nov.） 81

Family Ipsilomiidae Novojilov,1958 82

Ipsilonia Novojilov,1953 82

Keratestheria Chernyshev,1948 83

Qingxiestheria Xi,1981 84

Aculestheria Casdos？,1963 84

Family Lioestherüdae Raymon,1946,emend Holub et Kozur,1981 85

Subfamily Vertexiinae Kobayashi,1954 85

Veriexia Lutkevich,1941 85

Cornia Lutkevich,1937（＝Cechrositum Novojilov,1970） 85

Antisirephorhynchus Novojilov,1970 86

Echinesiherie Marliere,1950 86

Echinopalma Casdosa,1968 87

Gabonetthtria Novojilov,1958 87

Bipemphigus Novojilov,1965 88

Tripemphigus Novojilov,1965 89

Pemphicyclus Raymond,1946（＝Monopemphigus Novoji-lov,1965） 89

Megusitum Novojilov,1970 90

Trisitam Novojilov,1970 90

Pemphilimnadiopsis Tasch,1961 91

Huanghestheria Wang,1980 92

Lioesiheria Depetet et Mazetan,1912 emend Kozur,Martens et Pacaud,1981 92

Protomonocarina Tasch,1962 93

Xiangxiella Shen,1976 93

Sttbfamity Xiangxiellinae Shen,1976 93

Curvacornutus Tasch,1961 94

Family Molinestheriidae Kozur,1980 95

Molinestheria seideli Kozur,1980 95

Family Perilimnadiidae Chang et Chen,1975 95

Perilimnadia Chen,1975 95

Yunmenglimnadia Chen,1975 95

Mesolimnadia Chen,1975 96

Eolimnadia Chen,1975 96

Falsisca Novojilov,1970 97

GansulimnadiaShen et Chen,1982 98

Superfamily Eosestherioidea zhang et Chen,1976 98

Family Ultgkemiidae Novojilov,1958 98

Ulugkemiu（s.str.）Novojilov,1955 98

Tjulbaria Novojilov et Varentsov,1956 98

Eiegestia Novojilov et Varentsov,1956 99

Vjatkium Novojilov,1959 99

Dneprium Novojilov,1961 99

Glyptoasmussia Novojilov et Varentsov,1956 100

Famly Euestheriidae Defretin,1965 100

Euestheria Deperet et Mazeran,1912（＝Tirlingin Duan,1982） 100

Loxomicroglypta Novojilov et Varentsov,1956 101

Indoestheria Novojilov,1954 101

Estheriina Jones,1897 102

Polygrapta Novojilov,1946 102

Tenuestheria Chen et Shen,1977 103

Family Loxomegaglyptidae Novejilov,1958 103

Loxomegaglypta Novojilov,1958（＝Beipiaoestheria W.Wang,1980） 103

Paleoleptestheria Novojilov,1954 104

Tshtuvashium Novojilov,1953 104

Diaplexa Novojilov,1946 105

Paraleptestheria Chen,1976 106

Anyuanestheria Zhang et Chen,1976 106

Shipingia Shen,1976 107

Pseudestherites Chen,1976 107

Nestoria Krasinetz,1962（＝Ambonella Wang,1981） 108

Pseudograpta Novojilov,1954（emend）（＝Diplograpta W.Wang,1980） 109

Orthothemos Raymond,1946 110

Family Orthothemosiidae Defretin,1965 110

Defretinia Novojilov,1958 110

Palaeorihothemos Novojilov,1958 111

Sphaerorthothemos Novojilov,1960 111

Family,Aquilonoglyptidae Novojilov,1958 112

Aquilonoglypta Novojilov,1958 112

Family Eosestheriidae Zhang et Chen,1976（＝Asioestheriidae W.Wang,1976;Diformograptiidae W.Wang,1976） 113

Eosestheria Chen,1976（＝Liaoningesiheria Chen,1976;Asioestheria W.Wang,1976;Amelestheria W.Wang,1976;Diformograpta W.Wang,1976;Dongbeiestheria W.Wang,1980;Longjiangestheria W.Wang,1980） 113

Yumenestheria Shen et Chen,1982 114

Yanjiestheria Chen,1976（＝Leuroestheria W.Wang,1976; Chifengestheria W.Wang,1980;Yanshania Wang,1981） 114

Allestheria Shen et Chen,1982 115

Abrestheria Wang,1981 115

Guiestheria Shen,1982 116

Shouchangestheria Chen et Shen,1982 117

Turfanograpta Novojilov,1958 117

Family Diestheriidae Zhang et Chen,1976 118

Diestheria Chen,1976（＝Neimongolestheria W.Wang,1976;Filigrapta W.Wang,1980;Plocestheria W.Wang,1980;Zhaomengestheria W.Wang,1980） 118

Neodiestheria Chen,1976 118

Asmussia Pacht,1849（＝Levenkia Novojilov,1955） 119

Family Asmussiidae Kobayashi,1954 119

Diestherites Zhang et Chen,1976 119

Superfamily Estheriteoidea Zhang et Chen,1976 119

Rohdendorfium Novojilov,1955 120

Torgalykia Novojilov,1955 120

Sphenograpia Novojilov,1961 120

Family Fushunograptidae Wang,1974（＝Orthestheriidae Chang et Chen,1975;Tenuostracidae N.Chen,1976） 121

Orthestheria Chen,1976 121

Orthestheriopsis Chen,1976 122

Cratostracus Huang,1976（＝Clathrostracus N.Chen,1976;Tenuostracus N.Chen,1976;Hemitenuostracus N.Chen,1976） 122

Ellipsograpta Chang,1957 123

Howellites Bock,1953（Estheriellites Bock,1953） 124

Fushunograpta Wang,1974（＝Curvestheria Chen,1975） 124

Altaestheria Trussova,1976 125

Deltostracus Chang et Chen,1964 125

Rhombograpta Novojilov,1954 126

Liograpta Novojilov,1954 126

Pteriograpta Novojilov,1954 127

Loxopolygrapta Novojilov,1958 127

Eremograpta Novojilov,1960（＝Cyelograpta Novojilov,1954） 128

Sphaerograpta Novojilov,1958 128

Innoeentium Novojilov,1962 129

Daxingestheria Zhang et Chen,1976 130

Family Jitinestheriidae Zhang et Chen,1976 130

Nemestheria Chang et Chen,1964 130

Jilinestheria Zhang et Chen,1976（＝Tramostraeus N.Chen,1976） 131

Plectestheria Zhang et Chen,1976（＝Virgulostracus N.Chen,1976;Filarisestheria N.Chen,1976 past） 132

Dietyestheria Chang et Chen,1964 132

Brachygrapta Novojilov,1954,emend Zhang et Chen,1976（＝Euestheriopsis W.Wang,1980） 133

Halysestheria Zhang et Chen,1976 133

Family Halysestheriidae Zhang et Chen,1976 133

Tylestheria Zhang et Chen,1976 134

Aglestheria Chen,1976 136

Pseutocyclograpta Chang,1957 136

Family Estheriteidae Zhang et Chen,1976 137

Estherites Kobayashi et Huzita,1943 137

E.（Euestherites）Zhang et Chen,1976 137

Calestherites Zhang et Chen,1976 138

E.（Parestherites）Zhang et Chen,1976 138

Fuyuestherta Zhang et Chen,1976 138

Family Dimorphostracidae Chang et Chen,1964 140

Dimorphostracus Chang et Chen,1964 140

Glyptostracus Chang et Chen,1964 141

Aploglyptus Zhang et Chen,1976（＝Haplograpta N.Chen,1976） 142

Superfamily Afrograptioidea Novojilov,1957 142

Family Afrograptidae Novojilov,1957 142

Afrograpta Novojilov,1957 142

Nigerestheria Chen,1976 143

Camerunograpta Novojilov,1957（＝Graptoestheriella Cardoso,1965） 143

Congestheriella Kobayashi,1954 145

Congestheriopsis Chen et Shen,1982 145

Australestheria Chen,1976 146

Migransia Chen et Shen,1977 146

Zhestheria Chen et Shen,1977 147

Cixiella Chen et Shen,1979 148

Feiyunella Chen et Shen,1982 148

Xibeiestheria Wang,1982 149

Linhaiella Chet et Shen,1982 149

Nanhaiestheria Shen et X.Zhang,1979 150

porostracus N.Chen,1976 150

Superfamily Leaioidea Raymond,1946 150

Family Monoleiolophidae Novojilov,1954 150

Monoleiolophus Raymond,1946（＝Monoleaia Tasch,1956;Inkus Novojilov,1956;Jaxartus Novojilov,1954；Ferna-doalmeidium Novojilov,1968;Uniearinatut Cardosa,1965） 150

Massagetes Novojilov,1954 151

Peischoria Zaspelova,1962 152

Family Leaiidae Raymond,1946 152

Subfamily Leaiinae Raymond,1946 152

Leaia Jones,1862（＝Leainella Novojilov,1952） 152

Hemicycloleaia Raymond,1946（＝Brachiorthynchia No-vojilov,1956; Austroleaia Novojilov,1954;Dolicholeaia Novojilov,1952;Eoleaia Kobayashi,1954;Cornoleaia Molin,1965;Igorvarentsovia Novojilov,1956;Kaltaleaia 152

Novojilov,1952;Lioleaia Novojilov,1952;Minoleaia Novojilov,1952;Siberioleaia Novojilov,1954;Trileaia Kobayashi,1954） 153

Kasacholeaia Shen,1978 154

Subfamily Brachioleaiinae Zhang et Chen,1976 155

Brachioleaia Novojilov,1952（＝Quadrileaia Kobayashi,1954） 155

Acantholeaia Almeida,1950 155

Cycloleaia Novojilov,1952 156

Subfamily Cycloleaiinae Novojilov,1952 156

Subfamily Amphikoilinae,Novojilov,1953 157

Amphikoilium Novojilov,1953 157

Family Praeleaiidae Novojilov,1956 157

Praeleaia Lutkevieh,1929 157

Hepuleaia Shen,1978 158

Paraleaia Raymond,1946（＝Troicleaia Miroshnichonko,1956;Teiichium Novojilov,1956） 158

Eutrileaia Shen,1983 160

Rostroleaia Novojilov,1952（＝Falsirostria Nevojilov,1954;Granirostria Novojilov,1954） 161

Family Rostroleaiidae Novojilov,1956 161

Subfamily Rostroleaiinae Novojilov,1956 161

Limnadiopsileaia Tasch,1962 162

Subfamily Pteroleaiinae Shen,1978 163

Pteroleaia Copeland,1962 163

Superfamily Estberiellioidea Kobayashi,1954 163

Family Estheriellidae Kobaytshi,1954 163

Estheriella Weiss,1875 163

Pseudestheriella Novojilov,1956 164

Tancrediella Novojilov,1956 165

Mesoleaia Kobayashi,1954 165

Lioleaiina Novojilov,1952（＝Met？leaia Kobayashi,1954） 166

分类有疑问的属 166

Archaeositum Novojilov,1970 167

Dirhynchum Novojilov,1970 167

Rhynchositum Novojilov,1970 168

Limnadiopsium Novojilov,1958 169

Metarhabdostiehia Novojilov,1958 169

Sphaerestheria Novojilov,1954 170

Trigonestheria Novojilov,1954 170

T.Trigonorossiaia Novojilov,1954 171

T.（Rossoestheria）Novojilov,1954 171

Brachystheria Novojilov,1954 171

Ujgurokontikia Novojilov,1958 172

Sinokontikia Novojilov,1958 172

Rossokontikia Novojilov,1958 172

Khoratestheria Kobayashi,1975 173

Pseudousmussia Novojilov,1954（non Pseudo？smussia Do-fretiu,1966） 173

Sinograpta W.Wang,1980 173

Quadriasmussia Kobayashi,1954 174

Eoasmussia Soot-Kyen,1960 174

Erisopsis Raymond,1946 175

Cyeiestherioides Raymond,1946 175

Pseudestheria Raynond,1946 175

Ubsannria Novojilov et Varentsov,1956 176

Concherisma Novojilov et Varentsov,1956 176

Sphaeropsis Novojilov et Kapelka,1961 177

Svalbardium Novejilov,1961 177

Dotiehostheria Novojilov et Kapelka,1961 177

Ovjurium Novojilov et Varentsov,1956 177

Taimyrites Novojilev,1958 178

Tuvinopsis Nevojilov et Kapelka,1961 179

Estheriopsis Ruseoni;1947 179

Angolttheriella Novojilov,1960 180

Canskia Stopanov,1966 180

Kargalia Novojilov,1956 181

Tataloleaia Novojilov,1956 182

Svmmetroleaia Novojilov,1952 182

Palermisca Novojilov,1956 183

Nyasestheriella Kobayashi,1954 183

Triedrolophus Molin,1968 184

Rhabdostichus Raymond,1946 184

Protolimnadia Kozur et Sittig,1981 185

Warthestheria Martens,1982 185

Japanoleaia Novojilov,1952 186

Teixeirium Novojilov,1958 186

Pseudoleaia Kobayashi,1954 186

Opsipolygrapta Novojilov,1954 186

Bileaia Kobayashi,1954 186

Gonioleaia Novojilov,1952 186

Daduydeesia Raymond,1946 186

Baidestheria Raymond,1946 186

无效属名 186

九、叶肢介的演化与迁移 187

十、研究叶肢介的文献资料 198

图版及图版说明 231