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Section 1 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1

Chapter 1 Land and People in Britain 3

Ⅰ．Land 3

Ⅱ．People 5

Chapter 2 British History 9

Ⅰ．Origin of the English Nation 9

Ⅱ．Feudalism in England 16

Ⅲ．The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement 27

Ⅳ．The Rise and Fall of the British Empire 33

Chapter 3 National Economy 37

Ⅰ．Basic Framework 37

Ⅱ．The Government's Role in the Economy 38

Ⅲ．Industries 39

Ⅳ．Agriculture,Forestry and Fishing 43

Ⅴ．The Service Sector 45

Ⅵ．Foreign Trade 47

Chapter 4 British Government and Politics 48

Ⅰ．British Government 48

Ⅱ．British Politics 53

Chapter 5 British Education System 57

Ⅰ．Introduction 57

Ⅱ．The Purpose of the British Education System 57

Ⅲ．The National Curriculum 57

Ⅳ．The Relationship between Education and Social Class 58

Ⅴ．The Influence of the Church on Schooling 58

Ⅵ．The Present Education System 58

Ⅶ．Teaching Method in UK 62

Chapter 6 English Language,Religion and Beliefs 63

Ⅰ．The English Language 63

Ⅱ．Religion and Beliefs 67

Section 2 The United States of America 71

Chapter 7 Land and People in the United States 73

Ⅰ．Land of the Free 74

Ⅱ．The American People 75

Chapter 8 American History 86

Ⅰ．Discovery of the New World 86

Ⅱ．The War of Independence 90

Ⅲ．Slavery and the Civil War 94

Ⅳ．The United States in the Late 19th Century 97

Ⅴ．War,Peace and the Great Depression 100

Ⅵ．America in the Turning Point of the New Millennium 107

Chapter 9 National Economy 111

Ⅰ．Basic Framework 111

Ⅱ．A Mixed Economy 112

Ⅲ．The World of American Business 117

Ⅳ．Some Historical Perspectives on the American Economy 119

Chapter 10 American Government and Politics 124

Ⅰ．The American Government 124

Ⅱ．American Political Parties—the Democratic Party and the Republican Party 132

Ⅲ．American Presidents Elections 134

Ⅳ．The Development of the American Government System 138

Ⅴ．The New Individualism:Interest Group Government 140

Ⅵ．The Political Future of the United States 140

Chapter 11 American Educational System and Schools 143

Ⅰ．General information of American Education 143

Ⅱ．The American Education System 144

Ⅲ．Education Philosophy 149

Ⅳ．How to be a Good College Student? 150

Chapter 12 American Values and Beliefs 152

Ⅰ．Mainstream American Values 153

Ⅱ．Religions 162

Section 3 Canada 171

Chapter 13 Land and People 173

Ⅰ．Land 173

Ⅱ．People 175

Chapter 14 History and Culture 177

Ⅰ．History 177

Ⅱ．Culture 180

Chapter 15 National Economy 182

Chapter 16 Government 184

Ⅰ．Federal Government 184

Ⅱ．Provincial Governments 186

Ⅲ．Municipal Governments 186

Chapter 17 Education 187

Section 4 Australia 189

Chapter 18 Land and People 191

Ⅰ．Land 191

Ⅱ．People 194

Chapter 19 History and Culture 195

Ⅰ．History 195

Ⅱ．Culture 197

Chapter 20 Economy 199

Chapter 21 Education 201

Chapter 22 Political System 203

Section 5 New Zealand 205

Chapter 23 Land and People 207

Ⅰ．Geography 208

Ⅱ．Climate 209

Ⅲ．People 209

Chapter 24 History and Political System 210

Ⅰ．History 210

Ⅱ．Political System 211

Ⅲ．Justice and the Police 212

Chapter 25 Education and Economy 213

Ⅰ．Education 213

Ⅱ．Economy 213

Chapter 26 Labor and Employment 218

Chapter 27 Social Services and Accident Compensation 219

Ⅰ．Social Services 219

Ⅱ．Accident Compensation 219

Chapter 28 Defense 221

Chapter 29 Foreign Policy and Overseas Aid 222

Bibliography 224