数据通信与网络 英文版 第5版PDF电子书下载

PART Ⅰ: Overview 1

Chapter 1 Introduction 3

1.1 DATA COMMUNICATIONS 4

1.1.1 Components 4

1.1.2 Data Representation 5

1.1.3 Data Flow 6

1.2 NETWORKS 7

1.2.1 Network Criteria 7

1.2.2 Physical Structures 8

1.3 NETWORK TYPES 13

1.3.1 Local Area Network 13

1.3.2 Wide Area Network 14

1.3.3 Switching 15

1.3.4 The Internet 17

1.3.5 Accessing the Internet 18

1.4 INTERNET HISTORY 19

1.4.1 Early History 19

1.4.2 Birth of the Internet 20

1.4.3 Internet Today 22

1.5 STANDARDS AND ADMINISTRATION 22

1.5.1 Internet Standards 22

1.5.2 Internet Administration 24

1.6 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 25

1.6.1 Recommended Reading 25

1.6.2 Key Terms 25

1.6.3 Summary 26

1.7 PRACTICE SET 27

1.7.1 Quizzes 27

1.7.2 Questions 27

1.7.3 Problems 28

1.8 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 28

1.8.1 Applets 28

1.8.2 Lab Assignments 28

Chapter 2 Network Models 31

2.1 PROTOCOL LAYERING 32

2.1.1 Scenarios 32

2.1.2 Principles of Protocol Layering 34

2.1.3 Logical Connections 35

2.2 TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE 35

2.2.1 Layered Architecture 35

2.2.2 Layers in the TCP/IP Protocol Suite 37

2.2.3 Description of Each Layer 38

2.2.4 Encapsulation and Decapsulation 41

2.2.5 Addressing 42

2.2.6 Multiplexing and Demultiplexing 43

2.3 THE OSI MODEL 44

2.3.1 OSI versus TCP/IP 45

2.3.2 Lack of OSI Model's Success 45

2.4 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 46

2.4.1 Recommended Reading 46

2.4.2 Key Terms 46

2.4.3 Summary 46

2.5 PRACTICE SET 47

2.5.1 Quizzes 47

2.5.2 Questions 47

2.5.3 Problems 48

PART Ⅱ: Physical Layer 51

Chapter 3 Introduction to Physical Layer 53

3.1 DATA AND SIGNALS 54

3.1.1 Analog and Digital Data 55

3.1.2 Analog and Digital Signals 55

3.1.3 Periodic and Nonperiodic 56

3.2 PERIODIC ANALOG SIGNALS 56

3.2.1 Sine Wave 56

3.2.2 Phase 59

3.2.3 Wavelength 61

3.2.4 Time and Frequency Domains 61

3.2.5 Composite Signals 63

3.2.6 Bandwidth 65

3.3 DIGITAL SIGNALS 68

3.3.1 Bit Rate 69

3.3.2 Bit Length 69

3.3.3 Digital Signal as a Composite Analog Signal 70

3.3.4 Transmission of Digital Signals 70

3.4 TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENT 76

3.4.1 Attenuation 77

3.4.2 Distortion 79

3.4.3 Noise 79

3.5 DATA RATE LIMITS 81

3.5.1 Noiseless Channel: Nyquist Bit Rate 81

3.5.2 Noisy Channel: Shannon Capacity 82

3.5.3 Using Both Limits 83

3.6 PERFORMANCE 84

3.6.1 Bandwidth 84

3.6.2 Throughput 85

3.6.3 Latency(Delay) 85

3.6.4 Bandwidth-Delay Product 87

3.6.5 Jitter 88

3.7 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 89

3.7.1 Recommended Reading 89

3.7.2 Key Terms 89

3.7.3 Summary 89

3.8 PRACTICE SET 90

3.8.1 Quizzes 90

3.8.2 Questions 90

3.8.3 Problems 91

3.9 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 94

3.9.1 Applets 94

Chapter 4 Digital Transmission 95

4.1 DIGITAL-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION 96

4.1.1 Line Coding 96

4.1.2 Line Coding Schemes 100

4.1.3 Block Coding 109

4.1.4 Scrambling 113

4.2 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION 115

4.2.1 Pulse Code Modulation(PCM) 115

4.2.2 Delta Modulation(DM) 123

4.3 TRANSMISSION MODES 125

4.3.1 Parallel Transmission 125

4.3.2 Serial Transmission 126

4.4 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 129

4.4.1 Recommended Reading 129

4.4.2 Key Terms 130

4.4.3 Summary 130

4.5 PRACTICE SET 131

4.5.1 Quizzes 131

4.5.2 Questions 131

4.5.3 Problems 131

4.6 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 134

4.6.1 Applets 134

Chapter 5 Analog Transmission 135

5.1 DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERSION 136

5.1.1 Aspects of Digital-to-Analog Conversion 137

5.1.2 Amplitude Shift Keying 138

5.1.3 Frequency Shift Keying 140

5.1.4 Phase Shift Keying 142

5.1.5 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 146

5.2 ANALOG-TO-ANALOG CONVERSION 147

5.2.1 Amplitude Modulation(AM) 147

5.2.2 Frequency Modulation(FM) 148

5.2.3 Phase Modulation(PM) 149

5.3 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 151

5.3.1 Recommended Reading 151

5.3.2 Key Terms 151

5.3.3 Summary 151

5.4 PRACTICE SET 152

5.4.1 Quizzes 152

5.4.2 Questions 152

5.4.3 Problems 153

5.5 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 154

5.5.1 Applets 154

Chapter 6 Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing and Spectrum Spreading 155

6.1 MULTIPLEXING 156

6.1.1 Frequency-Division Multiplexing 157

6.1.2 Wavelength-Division Multiplexing 162

6.1.3 Time-Division Multiplexing 163

6.2 SPREAD SPECTRUM 175

6.2.1 Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum 176

6.2.2 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 178

6.3 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 180

6.3.1 Recommended Reading 180

6.3.2 Key Terms 180

6.3.3 Summary 180

6.4 PRACTICE SET 181

6.4.1 Quizzes 181

6.4.2 Questions 181

6.4.3 Problems 182

6.5 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 184

6.5.1 Applets 184

Chapter 7 Transmission Media 185

7.1 INTRODUCTION 186

7.2 GUIDED MEDIA 187

7.2.1 Twisted-Pair Cable 187

7.2.2 Coaxial Cable 190

7.2.3 Fiber-Optic Cable 192

7.3 UNGUIDED MEDIA: WIRELESS 197

7.3.1 Radio Waves 199

7.3.2 Microwaves 200

7.3.3 Infrared 201

7.4 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 202

7.4.1 Recommended Reading 202

7.4.2 Key Terms 202

7.4.3 Summary 203

7.5 PRACTICE SET 203

7.5.1 Quizzes 203

7.5.2 Questions 203

7.5.3 Problems 204

Chapter 8 Switching 207

8.1 INTRODUCTION 208

8.1.1 Three Methods of Switching 208

8.1.2 Switching and TCP/IP Layers 209

8.2 CIRCUIT-SWITCHED NETWORKS 209

8.2.1 Three Phases 211

8.2.2 Efficiency 212

8.2.3 Delay 213

8.3 PACKET SWITCHING 213

8.3.1 Datagram Networks 214

8.3.2 Virtual-Circuit Networks 216

8.4 STRUCTURE OF A SWITCH 222

8.4.1 Structure of Circuit Switches 222

8.4.2 Structure of Packet Switches 226

8.5 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 230

8.5.1 Recommended Reading 230

8.5.2 Key terms 230

8.5.3 Summary 230

8.6 PRACTICE SET 231

8.6.1 Quizzes 231

8.6.2 Questions 231

8.6.3 Problems 231

8.7 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 234

8.7.1 Applets 234

PART Ⅲ: Data-Link Layer 235

Chapter 9 Introduction to Data-Link Layer 237

9.1 INTRODUCTION 238

9.1.1 Nodes and Links 239

9.1.2 Services 239

9.1.3 Two Categories of Links 241

9.1.4 Two Sublayers 242

9.2 LINK-LAYER ADDRESSING 242

9.2.1 Three Types of addresses 244

9.2.2 Address Resolution Protocol(ARP) 245

9.2.3 An Example of Communication 248

9.3 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 252

9.3.1 Recommended Reading 252

9.3.2 Key Terms 252

9.3.3 Summary 252

9.4 PRACTICE SET 253

9.4.1 Quizzes 253

9.4.2 Questions 253

9.4.3 Problems 254

Chapter 10 Error Detection and Correction 257

10.1 INTRODUCTION 258

10.1.1 Types of Errors 258

10.1.2 Redundancy 258

10.1.3 Detection versus Correction 258

10.1.4 Coding 259

10.2 BLOCK CODING 259

10.2.1 Error Detection 259

10.3 CYCLIC CODES 264

10.3.1 Cyclic Redundancy Check 264

10.3.2 Polynomials 267

10.3.3 Cyclic Code Encoder Using Polynomials 269

10.3.4 Cyclic Code Analysis 270

10.3.5 Advantages of Cyclic Codes 274

10.3.6 Other Cyclic Codes 274

10.3.7 Hardware Implementation 274

10.4 CHECKSUM 277

10.4.1 Concept 278

10.4.2 Other Approaches to the Checksum 281

10.5 FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION 282

10.5.1 Using Hamming Distance 283

10.5.2 UsingXOR 283

10.5.3 Chunk Interleaving 283

10.5.4 Combining Hamming Distance and Interleaving 284

10.5.5 Compounding High- and Low-Resolution Packets 284

10.6 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 285

10.6.1 Recommended Reading 285

10.6.2 Key Terms 286

10.6.3 Summary 286

10.7 PRACTICE SET 287

10.7.1 Quizzes 287

10.7.2 Questions 287

10.7.3 Problems 288

10.8 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 292

10.8.1 Applets 292

10.9 PROGRAMMING ASSIGNMENTS 292

Chapter 11 Data Link Control(DLC) 293

11.1 DLC SERVICES 294

11.1.1 Framing 294

11.1.2 Flow and Error Control 297

11.1.3 Connectionless and Connection-Oriented 298

11.2 DATA-LINK LAYER PROTOCOLS 299

11.2.1 Simple Protocol 300

11.2.2 Stop-and-Wait Protocol 301

11.2.3 Piggybacking 304

11.3 HDLC 304

11.3.1 Configurations and Transfer Modes 305

11.3.2 Framing 305

11.4 POINT-TO-POINT PROTOCOL(PPP) 309

11.4.1 Services 309

11.4.2 Framing 310

11.4.3 Transition Phases 311

11.4.4 Multiplexing 312

11.5 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 319

11.5.1 Recommended Reading 319

11.5.2 Key Terms 319

11.5.3 Summary 319

11.6 PRACTICE SET 320

11.6.1 Quizzes 320

11.6.2 Questions 320

11.6.3 Problems 321

11.7 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 323

11.7.1 Applets 323

11.8 PROGRAMMING ASSIGNMENTS 323

Chapter 12 Media Access Control(MAC) 325

12.1 RANDOM ACCESS 326

12.1.1 ALOHA 326

12.1.2 CSMA 331

12.1.3 CSMA/CD 334

12.1.4 CSMA/CA 338

12.2 CONTROLLED ACCESS 341

12.2.1 Reservation 341

12.2.2 Polling 342

12.2.3 Token Passing 343

12.3 CHANNELIZATION 344

12.3.1 FDMA 344

12.3.2 TDMA 346

12.3.3 CDMA 347

12.4 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 352

12.4.1 Recommended Reading 352

12.4.2 Key Terms 353

12.4.3 Summary 353

12.5 PRACTICE SET 354

12.5.1 Quizzes 354

12.5.2 Questions 354

12.5.3 Problems 356

12.6 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 360

12.6.1 Applets 360

12.7 PROGRAMMING ASSIGNMENTS 360

Chapter 13 Wired LANs: Ethernet 361

13.1 ETHERNET PROTOCOL 362

13.1.1 IEEEProject 802 362

13.1.2 Ethernet Evolution 363

13.2 STANDARD ETHERNET 364

13.2.1 Characteristics 364

13.2.2 Addressing 366

13.2.3 Access Method 368

13.2.4 Efficiency of Standard Ethernet 370

13.2.5 Implementation 370

13.2.6 Changes in the Standard 373

13.3 FAST ETHERNET(100 MBPS) 376

13.3.1 Access Method 377

13.3.2 Physical Layer 377

13.4 GIGABIT ETHERNET 379

13.4.1 MAC Sublayer 380

13.4.2 Physical Layer 381

13.5 10 GIGABIT ETHERNET 382

13.5.1 Implementation 382

13.6 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 383

13.6.1 Recommended Reading 383

13.6.2 Key Terms 383

13.6.3 Summary 383

13.7 PRACTICE SET 384

13.7.1 Quizzes 384

13.7.2 Questions 384

13.7.3 Problems 385

13.8 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 385

13.8.1 Applets 385

13.8.2 Lab Assignments 386

Chapter 14 Other Wired Networks 387

14.1 TELEPHONE NETWORKS 388

14.1.1 Major Components 388

14.1.2 LATAs 388

14.1.3 Signaling 390

14.1.4 Services Provided by Telephone Networks 393

14.1.5 Dial-Up Service 394

14.1.6 Digital Subscriber Line(DSL) 396

14.2 CABLE NETWORKS 397

14.2.1 Traditional Cable Networks 397

14.2.2 Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial(HFC)Network 398

14.2.3 Cable TV for Data Transfer 399

14.3 SONET 400

14.3.1 Architecture 401

14.3.2 SONET Layers 403

14.3.3 SONET Frames 404

14.3.4 STS Multiplexing 412

14.3.5 SONET Networks 415

14.3.6 Virtual Tributaries 420

14.4 ATM 421

14.4.1 Design Goals 422

14.4.2 Problems 422

14.4.3 Architecture 425

14.5 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 429

14.5.1 Recommended Reading 429

14.5.2 Key Terms 430

14.5.3 Summary 431

14.6 PRACTICE SET 432

14.6.1 Quizzes 432

14.6.2 Questions 432

14.6.3 Problems 433

Chapter15 Wireless LANs 435

15.1 INTRODUCTION 436

15.1.1 Architectural Comparison 436

15.1.2 Characteristics 438

15.1.3 Access Control 438

15.2 IEEE 802.11 PROJECT 439

15.2.1 Architecture 440

15.2.2 MAC Sublayer 441

15.2.3 Addressing Mechanism 446

15.2.4 Physical Layer 448

15.3 BLUETOOTH 451

15.3.1 Architecture 451

15.3.2 Bluetooth Layers 452

15.4 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 458

15.4.1 Further Reading 458

15.4.2 Key Terms 458

15.4.3 Summary 458

15.5 PRACTICE SET 459

15.5.1 Quizzes 459

15.5.2 Questions 459

15.5.3 Problems 460

15.6 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 463

15.6.1 Applets 463

15.6.2 Lab Assignments 463

Chapter 16 Other Wireless Networks 465

16.1 WiMAX 466

16.1.1 Services 466

16.1.2 IEEEProject 802.16 467

16.1.3 Layers in Project 802.16 467

16.2 CELLULAR TELEPHONY 470

16.2.1 Operation 471

16.2.2 First Generation(1G) 473

16.2.3 Second Generation(2G) 474

16.2.4 Third Generation(3G) 480

16.2.5 Fourth Generation(4G) 482

16.3 SATELLITE NETWORKS 483

16.3.1 Operation 483

16.3.2 GEO Satellites 485

16.3.3 MEO Satellites 485

16.3.4 LEO Satellites 488

16.4 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 489

16.4.1 Recommended Reading 489

16.4.2 Key Terms 490

16.4.3 Summary 490

16.5 PRACTICE SET 491

16.5.1 Quizzes 491

16.5.2 Questions 491

16.5.3 Problems 491

Chapter 17 Connecting Devices and Virtual LANs 493

17.1 CONNECTING DEVICES 494

17.1.1 Hubs 494

17.1.2 Link-Layer Switches 495

17.1.3 Routers 501

17.2 VIRTUAL LANS 502

17.2.1 Membership 504

17.2.2 Configuration 504

17.2.3 Communication between Switches 505

17.2.4 Advantages 506

17.3 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 506

17.3.1 Recommended Reading 506

17.3.2 Key Terms 506

17.3.3 Summary 506

17.4 PRACTICE SET 507

17.4.1 Quizzes 507

17.4.2 Questions 507

17.4.3 Problems 507

PART Ⅳ: Network Layer 509

Chapter 18 Introduction to Network Layer 511

18.1 NETWORK-LAYER SERVICES 512

18.1.1 Packetizing 513

18.1.2 Routing and Forwarding 513

18.1.3 Other Services 514

18.2 PACKET SWITCHING 516

18.2.1 Datagram Approach: Connectionless Service 516

18.2.2 Virtual-Circuit Approach: Connection-Oriented Service 517

18.3 NETWORK-LAYER PERFORMANCE 522

18.3.1 Delay 522

18.3.2 Throughput 523

18.3.3 Packet Loss 525

18.3.4 Congestion Control 525

18.4 IPV4 ADDRESSES 528

18.4.1 Address Space 529

18.4.2 Classful Addressing 530

18.4.3 Classless Addressing 532

18.4.4 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(DHCP) 539

18.4.5 Network Address Resolution(NAT) 543

18.5 FORWARDING OF IP PACKETS 546

18.5.1 Forwarding Based on Destination Address 547

18.5.2 Forwarding Based on Label 553

18.5.3 Routers as Packet Switches 555

18.6 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 556

18.6.1 Recommended Reading 556

18.6.2 Key Terms 556

18.6.3 Summary 556

18.7 PRACTICE SET 557

18.7.1 Quizzes 557

18.7.2 Questions 557

18.7.3 Problems 558

18.8 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 560

18.8.1 Applets 560

18.9 PROGRAMMING ASSIGNMENT 560

Chapter 19 Network-Layer Protocols 561

19.1 INTERNET PROTOCOL(IP) 562

19.1.1 Datagram Format 563

19.1.2 Fragmentation 567

19.1.3 Options 572

19.1.4 Security of IPv4 Datagrams 573

19.2 ICMPv4 574

19.2.1 MESSAGES 575

19.2.2 Debugging Tools 578

19.2.3 ICMP Checksum 580

19.3 MOBILEIP 581

19.3.1 Addressing 581

19.3.2 Agents 583

19.3.3 Three Phases 584

19.3.4 Inefficiency in Mobile IP 589

19.4 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 591

19.4.1 Recommended Reading 591

19.4.2 Key Terms 591

19.4.3 Summary 591

19.5 PRACTICE SET 592

19.5.1 Quizzes 592

19.5.2 Questions 592

19.5.3 Problems 593

19.6 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 594

19.6.1 Applets 594

19.6.2 Lab Assignments 594

Chapter 20 Unicast Routing 595

20.1 INTRODUCTION 596

20.1.1 General Idea 596

20.1.2 Least-Cost Routing 596

20.2 ROUTING ALGORITHMS 598

20.2.1 Distance-Vector Routing 598

20.2.2 Link-State Routing 604

20.2.3 Path-Vector Routing 606

20.3 UNICAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS 611

20.3.1 Internet Structure 611

20.3.2 Routing Information Protocol(RIP) 613

20.3.3 Open Shortest Path First(OSPF) 618

20.3.4 Border Gateway Protocol Version 4(BGP4) 623

20.4 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 631

20.4.1 Recommended Reading 631

20.4.2 Key Terms 631

20.4.3 Summary 632

20.5 PRACTICE SET 632

20.5.1 Quizzes 632

20.5.2 Questions 632

20.5.3 Problems 634

20.6 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 637

20.6.1 Applets 637

20.7 PROGRAMMING ASSIGNMENT 637

Chapter 21 Multicast Routing 639

21.1 INTRODUCTION 640

21.1.1 Unicasting 640

21.1.2 Multicasting 640

21.1.3 Broadcasting 643

21.2 MULTICASTING BASICS 643

21.2.1 Multicast Addresses 643

21.2.2 Delivery at Data-Link Layer 645

21.2.3 Collecting Information about Groups 647

21.2.4 Multicast Forwarding 648

21.2.5 Two Approaches to Multicasting 649

21.3 INTRADOMAIN MULTICAST PROTOCOLS 650

21.3.1 Multicast Distance Vector(DVMRP) 651

21.3.2 Multicast Link State(MOSPF) 653

21.3.3 Protocol Independent Multicast(PIM) 654

21.4 INTERDOMAIN MULTICAST PROTOCOLS 657

21.5 IGMP 658

21.5.1 Messages 658

21.5.2 Propagation of Membership Information 659

21.5.3 Encapsulation 660

21.6 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 660

21.6.1 Recommended Reading 660

21.6.2 Key Terms 660

21.6.3 Summary 660

21.7 PRACTICE SET 661

21.7.1 Quizzes 661

21.7.2 Questions 661

21.7.3 Problems 662

21.8 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 663

21.8.1 Applets 663

Chapter 22 Next Generation IP 665

22.1 IPv6 ADDRESSING 666

22.1.1 Representation 666

22.1.2 Address Space 667

22.1.3 Address Space Allocation 668

22.1.4 Autoconfiguration 672

22.1.5 Renumbering 673

22.2 THE IPv6 PROTOCOL 674

22.2.1 Packet Format 674

22.2.2 Extension Header 677

22.3 THE ICMPv6 PROTOCOL 679

22.3.1 Error-Reporting Messages 679

22.3.2 Informational Messages 680

22.3.3 Neighbor-Discovery Messages 681

22.3.4 Group Membership Messages 682

22.4 TRANSITION FROM IPv4 TO IPv6 682

22.4.1 Strategies 683

22.4.2 Use of IP Addresses 684

22.5 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 684

22.5.1 Recommended Reading 684

22.5.2 Key Terms 685

22.5.3 Summary 685

22.6 PRACTICE SET 685

22.6.1 Quizzes 685

22.6.2 Questions 685

22.6.3 Problems 686

22.7 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 688

22.7.1 Applets 688

PART Ⅴ: Transport Layer 689

Chapter 23 Introduction to Transport Layer 691

23.1 INTRODUCTION 692

23.1.1 Transport-Layer Services 693

23.1.2 Connectionless and Connection-Oriented Protocols 703

23.2 TRANSPORT-LAYER PROTOCOLS 707

23.2.1 Simple Protocol 707

23.2.2 Stop-and-Wait Protocol 708

23.2.3 Go-Back-N Protocol(GBN) 713

23.2.4 Selective-Repeat Protocol 720

23.2.5 Bidirectional Protocols: Piggybacking 726

23.3 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 727

23.3.1 Recommended Reading 727

23.3.2 Key Terms 727

23.3.3 Summary 728

23.4 PRACTICE SET 728

23.4.1 Quizzes 728

23.4.2 Questions 728

23.4.3 Problems 729

23.5 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 733

23.5.1 Applets 733

23.6 PROGRAMMING ASSIGNMENT 733

Chapter 24 Transport-Layer Protocols 735

24.1 INTRODUCTION 736

24.1.1 Services 736

24.1.2 Port Numbers 736

24.2 USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL 737

24.2.1 User Datagram 737

24.2.2 UDP Services 738

24.2.3 UDP Applications 741

24.3 TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL 743

24.3.1 TCP Services 743

24.3.2 TCP Features 746

24.3.3 Segment 748

24.3.4 A TCP Connection 750

24.3.5 State Transition Diagram 756

24.3.6 Windows in TCP 760

24.3.7 Flow Control 762

24.3.8 Error Control 768

24.3.9 TCP Congestion Control 777

24.3.10 TCPTimers 786

24.3.11 Options 790

24.4 SCTP 791

24.4.1 SCTP Services 791

24.4.2 SCTP Features 792

24.4.3 Packet Format 794

24.4.4 An SCTP Association 796

24.4.5 Flow Control 799

24.4.6 Error Control 801

24.5 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 805

24.5.1 Recommended Reading 805

24.5.2 Key Terms 805

24.5.3 Summary 805

24.6 PRACTICE SET 806

24.6.1 Quizzes 806

24.6.2 Questions 806

24.6.3 Problems 809

PART Ⅵ: Application Layer 815

Chapter 25 Introduction to Application Layer 817

25.1 INTRODUCTION 818

25.1.1 Providing Services 819

25.1.2 Application-Layer Paradigms 820

25.2 CLIENT-SERVER PROGRAMMING 823

25.2.1 Application Programming Interface 823

25.2.2 Using Services of the Transport Layer 827

25.2.3 Iterative Communication Using UDP 828

25.2.4 Iterative Communication Using TCP 830

25.2.5 Concurrent Communication 832

25.3 ITERATIVE PROGRAMMING IN C 833

25.3.1 General Issues 833

25.3.2 Iterative Programming Using UDP 834

25.3.3 Iterative Programming Using TCP 837

25.4 ITERATIVE PROGRAMMING IN JAVA 842

25.4.1 Addresses and Ports 843

25.4.2 Iterative Programming Using UDP 846

25.4.3 Iterative Programming Using TCP 857

25.5 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 865

25.5.1 Recommended Reading 865

25.5.2 Key Terms 866

25.5.3 Summary 866

25.6 PRACTICE SET 866

25.6.1 Quizzes 866

25.6.2 Questions 866

25.6.3 Problems 869

25.7 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 869

25.7.1 Applets 869

25.8 PROGRAMMING ASSIGNMENT 870

Chapter 26 Standard Client-Server Protocols 871

26.1 WORLD WIDE WEB AND HTTP 872

26.1.1 World Wide Web 872

26.1.2 HyperText Transfer Protocol(HTTP) 876

26.2 FTP 887

26.2.1 Two Connections 888

26.2.2 Control Connection 888

26.2.3 Data Connection 889

26.2.4 Security for FTP 891

26.3 ELECTRONIC MAIL 891

26.3.1 Architecture 892

26.3.2 Web-Based Mail 903

26.3.3 E-Mail Security 904

26.4 TELNET 904

26.4.1 Local versus Remote Logging 905

26.5 SECURE SHELL(SSH) 907

26.5.1 Components 907

26.5.2 Applications 908

26.6 DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM(DNS) 910

26.6.1 NameSpace 911

26.6.2 DNS in the Internet 915

26.6.3 Resolution 916

26.6.4 Caching 918

26.6.5 Resource Records 918

26.6.6 DNS Messages 919

26.6.7 Registrars 920

26.6.8 DDNS 920

26.6.9 Security of DNS 921

26.7 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 921

26.7.1 Recommended Reading 921

26.7.2 Key Terms 922

26.7.3 Summary 922

26.8 PRACTICE SET 923

26.8.1 Quizzes 923

26.8.2 Questions 923

26.8.3 Problems 924

26.9 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 927

26.9.1 Applets 927

26.9.2 Lab Assignments 927

Chapter 27 Network Management 929

27.1 INTRODUCTION 930

27.1.1 Configuration Management 930

27.1.2 Fault Management 932

27.1.3 Performance Management 933

27.1.4 Security Management 933

27.1.5 Accounting Management 934

27.2 SNMP 934

27.2.1 Managers and Agents 935

27.2.2 Management Components 935

27.2.3 An Overview 937

27.2.4 SMI 938

27.2.5 MIB 942

27.2.6 SNMP 944

27.3 ASN.1 951

27.3.1 Language Basics 951

27.3.2 Data Types 952

27.3.3 Encoding 955

27.4 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 955

27.4.1 Recommended Reading 955

27.4.2 Key Terms 956

27.4.3 Summary 956

27.5 PRACTICE SET 956

27.5.1 Quizzes 956

27.5.2 Questions 956

27.5.3 Problems 958

Chapter 28 Multimedia 961

28.1 COMPRESSION 962

28.1.1 Lossless Compression 962

28.1.2 Lossy Compression 972

28.2 MULTIMEDIA DATA 978

28.2.1 Text 978

28.2.2 Image 978

28.2.3 Video 982

28.2.4 Audio 984

28.3 MULTIMEDIA IN THE INTERNET 986

28.3.1 Streaming Stored Audio/Video 986

28.3.2 Streaming Live Audio/Video 989

28.3.3 Real-Time Interactive Audio/Video 990

28.4 REAL-TIME INTERACTIVE PROTOCOLS 995

28.4.1 Rationale for New Protocols 996

28.4.2 RTP 999

28.4.3 RTCP 1001

28.4.4 Session Initialization Protocol(SIP) 1005

28.4.5 H.323 1012

28.5 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 1014

28.5.1 Recommended Reading 1014

28.5.2 Key Terms 1015

28.5.3 Summary 1015

28.6 PRACTICE SET 1016

28.6.1 Quizzes 1016

28.6.2 Questions 1016

28.6.3 Problems 1018

28.7 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 1021

28.7.1 Applets 1021

28.7.2 Lab Assignments 1021

28.8 PROGRAMMING ASSIGNMENTS 1022

Chapter 29 Peer-to-Peer Paradigm 1023

29.1 INTRODUCTION 1024

29.1.1 P2P Networks 1024

29.1.2 Distributed Hash Table(DHT) 1026

29.2 CHORD 1029

29.2.1 Identifier Space 1029

29.2.2 Finger Table 1029

29.2.3 Interface 1030

29.2.4 Applications 1036

29.3 PASTRY 1036

29.3.1 Identifier Space 1036

29.3.2 Routing 1037

29.3.3 Application 1041

29.4 KADEMLIA 1041

29.4.1 Identifier Space 1041

29.4.2 Routing Table 1041

29.4.3 K-Buckets 1044

29.5 BITTORRENT 1045

29.5.1 BitTorrent with a Tracker 1045

29.5.2 Trackerless BitTorrent 1046

29.6 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 1047

29.6.1 Recommended Reading 1047

29.6.2 Key Terms 1047

29.6.3 Summary 1047

29.7 PRACTICE SET 1048

29.7.1 Quizzes 1048

29.7.2 Questions 1048

29.7.3 Problems 1048

PART Ⅶ: Topics Related to All Layers 1051

Chapter 30 Quality of Service 1053

30.1 DATA-FLOW CHARACTERISTICS 1054

30.1.1 Definitions 1054

30.1.2 Sensitivity of Applications 1054

30.1.3 Flow Classes 1055

30.2 FLOW CONTROL TO IMPROVE QOS 1055

30.2.1 Scheduling 1056

30.2.2 Traffic Shaping or Policing 1058

30.2.3 Resource Reservation 1061

30.2.4 Admission Control 1062

30.3 INTEGRATED SERVICES(INTSERV) 1062

30.3.1 Flow Specification 1062

30.3.2 Admission 1063

30.3.3 Service Classes 1063

30.3.4 Resource Reservation Protocol(RSVP) 1063

30.3.5 Problems with Integrated Services 1065

30.4 DIFFERENTIATED SERVICES(DFFSERV) 1066

30.4.1 DS Field 1066

30.4.2 Per-Hop Behavior 1067

30.4.3 Traffic Conditioners 1067

30.5 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 1068

30.5.1 Recommended Reading 1068

30.5.2 Key Terms 1068

30.5.3 Summary 1068

30.6 PRACTICE SET 1069

30.6.1 Quizzes 1069

30.6.2 Questions 1069

30.6.3 Problems 1070

30.7 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 1075

30.7.1 Applets 1075

30.8 PROGRAMMING ASSIGNMENTS 1075

Chapter 31 Cryptography and Network Security 1077

31.1 INTRODUCTION 1078

31.1.1 Security Goals 1078

31.1.2 Attacks 1079

31.1.3 Services and Techniques 1081

31.2 CONFIDENTIALITY 1081

31.2.1 Symmetric-Key Ciphers 1081

31.2.2 Asymmetric-Key Ciphers 1092

31.3 OTHER ASPECTS OF SECURITY 1097

31.3.1 Message Integrity 1097

31.3.2 Message Authentication 1099

31.3.3 Digital Signature 1100

31.3.4 Entity Authentication 1105

31.3.5 Key Management 1108

31.4 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 1114

31.4.1 Recommended Reading 1114

31.4.2 Key Terms 1114

31.4.3 Summary 1114

31.5 PRACTICE SET 1115

31.5.1 Quizzes 1115

31.5.2 Questions 1115

31.5.3 Problems 1117

31.6 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 1121

31.6.1 Applets 1121

31.7 PROGRAMMING ASSIGNMENTS 1122

Chapter 32 Internet Security 1123

32.1 NETWORK-LAYER SECURITY 1124

32.1.1 TwoModes 1124

32.1.2 Two Security Protocols 1126

32.1.3 Services Provided by IPSec 1129

32.1.4 Security Association 1130

32.1.5 Internet Key Exchange(IKE) 1132

32.1.6 Virtual Private Network(VPN) 1133

32.2 TRANSPORT-LAYER SECURITY 1134

32.2.1 SSL Architecture 1135

32.2.2 Four Protocols 1138

32.3 APPLICATION-LAYER SECURITY 1140

32.3.1 E-mail Security 1141

32.3.2 Pretty Good Privacy(PGP) 1142

32.3.3 S/MIME 1147

32.4 FIREWALLS 1151

32.4.1 Packet-Filter Firewall 1152

32.4.2 Proxy Firewall 1152

32.5 END-CHAPTER MATERIALS 1153

32.5.1 Recommended Reading 1153

32.5.2 Key Terms 1154

32.5.3 Summary 1154

32.6 PRACTICE SET 1154

32.6.1 Quizzes 1154

32.6.2 Questions 1155

32.6.3 Problems 1155

32.7 SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS 1156

32.7.1 Applets 1156

32.7.2 Lab Assignments 1156

References 1157

Index 1163