初中英语基础知识大全PDF电子书下载

语音部分 1

一、字母 1

二、音素 1

三、音节 2

四、拼读规则 4

五、单词重音 14

六、单词的读音变化 15

七、同音词 18

八、意群、连读及不完全爆破 20

构词部分 21

一、派生法 21

二、合成法 30

三、转化法 32

四、缩略法 33

英语书写规则 34

一、大写字母的规则 34

二、单词移行的规则 38

三、连字符的使用规则 40

四、省略式的拼写规则 42

五、拼写汉语人名和地名的规则 45

六、英语人姓名排列顺序的规则 46

七、英语和美语的不同拼写规则 47

八、词尾变化的词还原到原形的规则 49

九、斜体字的使用规则 51

十、一些标点符号新的用法规则 52

辨析部分 55

A 55

a(an),one 55

a lot of,lots of,a lot 55

a number of,the number of 55

a second time,for the second time 56

act as,act for 56

add to,add…to,add up to 56

advise,advice 57

afraid,afraid of,afraid for 57

after a while,for a while 57

always,usually,often,sometimes 58

alike,like 58

all day,all day long 58

all in all,all in one 59

all one's life,in life 59

All right.That's all right.That's right 59

all the country,the whole country 59

alone,lone,lonely 60

aloud,loud,loudly 61

and so on,and so forth 61

angry at,angry with 61

another,other,the other 61

answer for,answer to 62

anxious,anxious for,anxious about 62

any one,anyone,anybody 63

argue about,argue with 63

arrive at,arrive in 63

as…as,so…as 64

as good as,as well as,as well 64

as if,as though 64

as many(as),as much(as) 65

as soon as,as far as,as long as 65

ask after,ask about 66

astonished at,astonished by 66

at a time,at one time 66

at all,after all 66

at ease,with ease 67

at least,in the least 67

at sea,by sea,on the sea,in the sea 67

at sight,at the sight of 68

at table,at the table 68

at that time,at no time,at the same time 68

at the back of,in the back of 68

at the corner,on the corner,in the corner 69

at the side of,by the side of,on the side of 69

at the spot,on the spot 69

at the top of,on the top of 70

at times,at all times,all the time 70

B 70

be about to do,be to do 70

be late,come late 71

because,because of 71

before long,long before 71

begin to do,begin doing 71

believe,believe in 71

beside,besides 72

big,great,large 72

born in,born of 72

breath,breathe 73

break ore's word,eat one's words 73

bring,take,get,carry 73

busy with,busy in 73

by bus,on the bus,in the bus 74

by day,by the day 74

by heart,at heart,in heart 74

by land,on land,on the land 75

by the end of,in the end,at the end(of) 75

by then,till then,since then 75

by this means,by no means 76

by turns,in turn 76

C 76

call on,call at 76

call sb.names,call sb.'s name 77

can't help,can't but,can't help but 77

care about,care for 77

catch,catch up,catch up with 77

catch a cold,have a cold 78

catch hold of,take hold of,get hold of 78

clothes,clothing,cloth 78

come from,come of,come for 79

cross,across 79

cry for,cry to 79

D 80

dare do,dare to do 80

date,day 80

day after day,day by day 80

deaf in,deaf to 81

deal in,deal with 81

deep,deeply 81

devote…to,devoted to 82

die,dead,death 82

die of,die from,die for 82

do wrong,do sb.wrong 82

dozens of,a dozen of 83

dream about,dream of 83

drop in,drop in on,drop in at 83

E 84

either…or,neither…nor 84

equipped with,equipped for 84

even if,even though,even so 84

every now and then,now and then 85

everyone,every one 85

everyday,every day 85

except,except for,except that 86

excited,exciting 86

excuse,sorry 86

F 87

fail to,fail in 87

fall to,fall down,fall in 87

famous for,famous as 87

far away,far away from,far from 88

farther,further 88

few,a few,the few 88

fight for,fight against,fight with 89

find,find out 89

first,firstly,at first 89

for a moment,in a moment,for the moment,at the moment 90

for show,on show,in show 90

for the support of,in support of,with the support of 91

forever,for ever 91

forget to do,forget doing 91

friendly with,friendly to 91

from…to,from…till 92

from now on,from then on 92

full of,full with,full up with 92

furnish…with,furnish…to 92

G 93

get along,get along with 93

get on,get on with 93

get through,get through with 93

give in,give up 93

give off,give out 94

go and do,go to do,go doing 94

go on,go on doing,go on to do,go on with 95

go on strike,be on strike 95

go on(a)holiday,go for a holiday,be on holiday 95

go to sleep,go to bed,be in bed 95

go to the trouble,get into trou-ble,be in trouble 96

go to school,go to the school 96

go to sea,go to the sea 96

good for,good at,good to 97

H 97

happen,happen to 97

have a word with,have words with 97

have been in(at),have been to,have gone to 98

have nothing to do,have nothing to do with 98

have sth.done,have sb.do,have sb.doing 98

have to,have got to 99

hear,hear of,hear from 99

here and there,here and now 99

Here you are.Here they are.Here we are 99

home,at home 100

how about,what about 100

how soon,how long,how often 101

I 101

I'd like,I like 101

if only,only if,only when 101

in a month,after a month 102

in case,in case of,in the case of 102

in charge,in charge of,in the charge of 103

in course of,in the course of 103

in hospital,in the hospital 103

in order that,in order to 103

in(at)school,in(at)the school 104

in sight,in sight of,in the sight of 104

in surprise,by surprise,to one's surprise 104

in the beginning,at the beginning,at the beginning of 105

in the distance,at a distance 105

in the field,on the field 105

in the open,in the open air 105

in the road,on the road 106

in the street,on the street 106

in the west of,on the west of,to the west of 106

in time,on time 106

insist,insist on 106

instead,instead of 107

J 107

join,join in 107

join(…)to,join with 107

K 108

know,know of(about) 108

L 108

last,at last 108

later,later on,lately 109

laugh over,laugh at 109

lay,lie 109

lean against,lean on,lean over 110

learn about(of),learn from,learn by 110

leave,leave for 110

leave room for,make room for 110

leave…with,leave…to 111

let's,let us 111

little,a little 111

living,alive 111

long for,for long 112

look around,look about 112

look after,look for 112

look upon…as,look up to…as 112

lose sight of,out of sight 113

M 113

made into,made out of 113

made up of,made of,made from 113

marry,be married(to),marry…to 114

maybe,may be 114

more than,more…than 114

Mr,Mrs,Miss,Ms 115

must do,must have done 115

N 116

need do,need to do,need doing 116

next,the next 116

no longer,not…any longer,any longer 117

no more,not…any more 117

no use,of no use 117

none,no one 117

not a(one)bit,not a little 118

not only…but,not…but 118

nothing but,nothing like 119

now and then,now…then,now then 119

O 119

officer,official 119

older,elder 119

on board,on the board,on the boards 120

on earth,in the earth 120

on the contrary,to the contrary 120

on the night,at night,in the night 121

on the tree,in the tree 121

one after another,one after the other 121

one day,some day,the other day 122

one other,one another,each other 122

onto,on to 122

out of question,out of the ques-tion 123

owe…to,owing to 123

P 123

part of,a part of 123

pass by,pass through 124

pay for,pay off 124

pick out,pick up 124

play,play with 124

point at,point to,point out 125

prevent,prevent…from 125

proud of,proud about 125

put…into,change…into,turn…into 126

put on,have on 126

put up,set up 126

Q 126

quarrel about(over),quarrel with 126

R 127

reach at,reach after,reach for 127

ready…to,read…for,read for 127

ready for,ready with 127

refer to,refer…to 128

regret to do,regret doing 128

regret for,regret at(over) 128

remember doing,remember to do 129

responsible for,responsible to 129

right along,right away 129

rise,raise 129

run out,run out of 130

S 130

satisfied with,satisfied of 130

satisfaction with,with satisfaction 130

say sorry to,be sorry to,be sorry for 131

see sb.do sth,see sb.doing sth,see sth.done sth 131

see off,send off 131

seem,it seems,there seems 131

select,elect 132

separate…from,separate…into 132

set about,set out,set off 132

shout at,shout to 133

show interest in,be interested in 133

shut,shut off,turn off 133

shy of,shy from 133

sick for,sick of,sick at,sick with 134

sit,seat 134

so as to,so…as to,so as 134

So do I.So I do.I do so 135

so that,so…that,such…that 135

sometime,some time,sometimes 136

speak to(with),speak of(about) 136

spend…on,spend…in 137

stare at,glare at 137

stay in,stop in 137

stop to do,stop doing 138

struggle for,struggle against 138

succeed in,successful in 138

such…as,such as,as such 138

sure,sure about 139

T 139

take a walk,go for a walk,be on a walk 139

take care,take care of,in the care of 140

take the place of,take place 140

talk about,talk to 141

that is,that is to say 141

think over,think of 141

though,although 141

three weeks ago,three weeks be-fore 142

throw off,get off,take off 142

till,until 142

tiresome,tiring,tired 143

tired with(from),tired of,tire of 143

to the right,on the right 143

together,altogether 143

too much,much too 144

trust,trust in 144

try one's best,do one's best 144

turn into,turn…into 144

TV,TV set 145

U 145

under one's arm,in one's arms 145

under the sun,in the sun 145

used to,be used to 145

W 146

wait for,wait on 146

wake up,wake up to 146

warn…of,warn…against 147

watch sb,do,watch sb.doing, 147

What's wrong with…?What's the matter with…? 147

whether…or not,whether or not,whether or no,whether…or no 148

while,when 148

with words,in word,in a word 148

within an hour,in an hour 149

work on,work at 149

worry about,worried about 149

worth,worthy to,worthy of 149

would(had)rather, would(had)rather…than,had better 150

write to,write about 150

语法部分 151

第一章 英语语法的基本概念 151

一、词法与句法 151

二、词类 151

三、短语、从句和句子 152

第二章 名词 153

一、名词的种类 153

二、名词的数 153

三、不可数名词 157

四、名词的所有格 157

五、名词在句子中的用途 158

六、学习名词时应注意的要点 159

第三章 冠词 160

一、概说 160

二、不定冠词的用法 160

三、定冠词的用法 161

四、不用冠词的情况 162

五、学习冠词时应注意的要点 163

第四章 代词 167

一、代词的分类 167

二、代词的用法 167

第五章 数词 181

一、数词的表示法 181

二、数词在句子中的用途 183

三、其他数的表示法 184

第六章 形容词 188

一、形容词在句子中的用途 188

二、形容词作定语时的位置 188

三、形容词的比较等级 190

四、形容词的比较级和最高级的用法 191

五、有关比较等级的各种句型 192

六、学习形容词时应注意的要点 193

第七章 副词 195

一、副词的种类 195

二、副词在句子中的用途 196

三、副词的位置 197

四、副词的比较等级 198

五、学习副词时应注意的要点 199

第八章 动词（1）——概述 203

一、动词的限定形式和非限定形式 203

二、实义动词、联系动词、助动词和情态动词 203

三、规则动词和不规则动词 205

四、短语动词 207

第九章 动词（2）——时态 208

一、动词概念 208

二、一般现在时 208

三、一般过去时 211

四、一般将来时 211

五、现在进行时 213

六、过去进行时 213

七、将来进行时 214

八、现在完成时 214

九、过去完成时 216

十、过去将来时 217

十一、现在完成进行时 218

第十章 动词（3）——被动语态 219

一、概说 219

二、被动语态的构成 219

三、被动语态的用法 220

四、怎样变主动语态为被动语态 220

五、学习被动语态时应注意的要点 220

第十一章 动词（4）——虚拟语气 224

一、概说 224

二、虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法及动词形式 225

三、含蓄条件句 226

四、混合条件句 227

五、虚拟语气的一些其他用法 227

第十二章 动词（5）——助动词与情态动词 230

一、概说 230

二、助动词be 231

三、助动词have 232

四、助动词do 232

五、shall,will,should,would 233

六、be to 235

七、can与could 235

八、may与might 235

九、must 236

十、need,dare,ought to 236

十一、学习助动词和情态动词时应注意的要点 237

第十三章 动词（6）——不定式 240

一、概说 240

二、动词不定式在句子中的用途 240

三、动词不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式 245

四、for…to…结构 246

五、不带to的动词不定式 247

六、to的单独使用 247

第十四章 动词（7）——分词 248

一、概说 248

二、分词在句子中的用途 249

三、分词的独立主格结构 251

四、学习分词时应注意的要点 251

第十五章 动词（8）——动名词 253

一、概说 253

二、动名词在句子中的用途 253

三、动名词的时态和语态 254

四、动名词的复合结构 255

五、名词化的动名词 256

六、学习动名词时应注意的要点 256

七、如何选用非谓语动词 258

第十六章 介词 260

一、概说 260

二、介词宾语 260

三、介词短语的用途 261

四、介词的位置 262

五、表示时间的介词 263

六、表示地点、位置的介词 265

七、省略表示时间的介词的情况 267

八、介词with后面的复合结构 267

九、学习介词时应注意的要点 268

十、与名词固定搭配的介词 268

十一、短语介词 269

第十七章 句子成分 270

一、概说 270

二、主语 270

三、谓语 271

四、表语 271

五、宾语 273

六、定语 276

七、状语 277

八、同位语 279

九、独立成分 281

第十八章 句子的种类和类型 283

一、概说 283

二、陈述句 283

三、疑问句 285

四、祈使句 290

五、感叹句 291

六、简单句 292

七、并列句 293

八、复合句 294

第十九章 名词性从句 295

一、概说 295

二、主语从句 295

三、表语从句 296

四、宾语从句 296

五、直接引语和间接引语 297

六、同位语从句 300

第二十章 定语从句 301

一、概说 301

二、关系代词在定语从句中的作用 301

三、关系副词在定语从句中的作用 302

四、关系代词和关系副词的省略 303

五、关系代词用that不用which的情况 303

六、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句 304

七、as引导的定语从句 305

八、学习定语从句时应注意的要点 305

第二十一章 状语从句 308

一、概说 308

二、时间状语从句 308

三、地点状语从句 310

四、原因状语从句 310

五、条件状语从句 312

六、目的状语从句 312

七、结果状语从句 313

八、比较或方式状语从句 313

九、让步状语从句 314

十、表语形容词后面的从句 315

第二十二章 It的用法 316

一、It作主语 316

二、It作形式主语 317

三、It作形式宾语 317

四、It作无具体意义的主语 317

五、It用在It is（was）…that（who）强调句式中 318

第二十三章 倒装 320

一、概说 320

二、语法结构要求的倒装 320

三、为了强调某一成分而运用倒装 321

四、为了避免“头重脚轻”或为了句子的平衡而运用倒装 322

五、其他成分的移位 323

书面表达部分 324

一、描写文 324

二、记叙文 326

三、说明文 328

四、论述文 330

五、应用文 333

（一）书信 333

（二）便条 346

（三）留言条 348

（四）通知 350

（五）启事 354

（六）海报 356

测试部分 359

一、语音解题方法与技巧 359

二、解单项填空方法与技巧 363

三、动词填空方法与技巧 365

四、句型转换方法与技巧 367

五、交际对话方法与技巧 372

六、短文填空方法与技巧 374

七、完形填空题方法与技巧 377

八、阅读理解方法与技巧 380

九、书面表达方法与技巧 381

资料档案部分 385

一、不规则动词表 385

二、不规则动词的规则分类表 391

三、英语反义词表 394

四、习惯用语表 397

五、日常交际用语 404

六、主要国名、首都名、居民和语言表 415

七、世界主要城市标准时间对照表 419

八、货币名称表 422

九、度量衡表 426

十、常用符号表 429

十一、希腊字母表 431

十二、发音符号表 432