C++之旅 英文版PDF电子书下载

1 The Basics 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Programs 1

1.3 Hello，World！ 2

1.4 Functions 3

1.5 Types，Variables，and Arithmetic 5

1.6 Scope 8

1.7 Constants 8

1.8 Pointers，Arrays，and References 9

1.9 Tests 12

1.10 Advice 14

2 User-Defined Types 15

2.1 Introduction 15

2.2 Structures 16

2.3 Classes 17

2.4 Unions 19

2.5 Enumerations 20

2.6 Advice 21

3 Modularity 23

3.1 Introduction 23

3.2 Separate Compilation 24

3.3 Namespaces 26

3.4 Error Handling 27

3.5 Advice 31

4 Classes 33

4.1 Introduction 33

4.2 Concrete Types 34

4.3 Abstract Types 39

4.4 Virtual Functions 42

4.5 Class Hierarchies 42

4.6 Copy and Move 48

4.7 Advice 56

5 Templates 59

5.1 Introduction 59

5.2 Parameterized Types 59

5.3 Function Templates 62

5.4 Concepts and Generic Programming 62

5.5 Function Objects 64

5.6 Variadic Templates 66

5.7 Aliases 67

5.8 Template Compilation Model 68

5.9 Advice 68

6 Library Overview 71

6.1 Introduction 71

6.2 Standard-Library Components 72

6.3 Standard-Library Headers and Namespace 72

6.4 Advice 74

7 Strings and Regular Expressions 75

7.1 Introduction 75

7.2 Strings 75

7.3 Regular Expressions 78

7.4 Advice 84

8 I/O Streams 85

8.1 Introduction 85

8.2 Output 86

8.3 Input 87

8.4 I/O State 89

8.5 I/O of User-Defined Types 90

8.6 Formatting 91

8.7 File Streams 92

8.8 String Streams 92

8.9 Advice 93

9 Containers 95

9.1 Introduction 95

9.2 vector 96

9.3 list 100

9.4 map 101

9.5 unordered_map 102

9.6 Container Overview 103

9.7 Advice 104

10 Algorithms 107

10.1 Introduction 107

10.2 Use of Iterators 108

10.3 Iterator Types 111

10.4 Stream Iterators 112

10.5 Predicates 113

10.6 Algorithm Overview 114

10.7 Container Algorithms 115

10.8 Advice 115

11 Utilities 117

11.1 Introduction 117

11.2 Resource Management 117

11.3 Specialized Containers 121

11.4 Time 125

11.5 Function Adaptors 125

11.6 Type Functions 128

11.7 Advice 131

12 Numerics 133

12.1 Introduction 133

12.2 Mathematical Functions 134

12.3 Numerical Algorithms 135

12.4 Complex Numbers 135

12.5 Random Numbers 136

12.6 Vector Arithmetic 138

12.7 Numeric Limits 138

12.8 Advice 138

13 Concurrency 141

13.1 Introduction 141

13.2 Tasks and threads 142

13.3 Passing Arguments 143

13.4 Returning Results 144

13.5 Sharing Data 144

13.6 Waiting for Events 146

13.7 Communicating Tasks 147

13.8 Advice 151

14 History and Compatibility 153

14.1 History 153

14.2 C++11 Extensions 158

14.3 C/C++ Compatibility 161

14.4 Bibliography 166

14.5 Advice 168

Index 171