语言哲学 英文版PDF电子书下载

Part Ⅰ Introduction 1

Chapter 1 Philosophy and philosophy of language 2

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 The notion of philosophy 2

1.3 The Linguistic Turn 4

1.4 The notion of philosophy of language 5

1.5 The philosophical triangle 6

1.6 Why study philosophy of language? 7

1.7 How to study philosophy of language? 7

Summary 8

Questions 8

Further reading 8

Chapter 2 Meaning and reference 9

2.1 Introduction 9

2.2 Meaning and understanding 9

2.3 The Referential Theory 10

2.4 Singular Terms 13

2.5 Five philosophical problems 13

Summary 16

Questions 16

Further reading 16

Part Ⅱ Reference and Referring 17

Chapter 3 Frege's Sense and Reference 18

3.1 Frege's life and works 18

3.2 The article "On Sense and Reference" 18

3.3 Solution to the five philosophical problems 21

3.4 Problems of Frege's theory 26

Summary 27

Questions 28

Further reading 28

Appendix 29

Chapter 4 Russell's Theory Description 35

4.1 Russell's life and works 35

4.2 Russell's project 35

4.3 Russell's philosophy of language 37

4.4 The Description theory 38

4.5 Russell's solution to the five philosophical puzzles 39

4.6 Objections to Russell's theory 44

Summary 50

Questions 50

Further reading 50

Appendix 52

Chapter 5 Proper names:the Description Theory 57

5.1 Russell's Name Claim 57

5.2 Opening objections 58

5.3 Searle's Cluster Theory 59

5.4 Kripke's critique 60

Summary 62

Questions 63

Further reading 63

Chapter 6 Proper names:Direct Reference and the Causal-Historical Theory 64

6.1 Possible worlds 64

6.2 Rigidity and Proper names 65

6.3 Direct Reference 67

6.4 The Causal-Historical Theory 69

6.5 Problems for the Causal-Historical Theory 70

6.6 Natural-kind terms and "Twin Earth" 73

6.7 Summary of Part Ⅱ 75

Questions 76

Further reading 76

Appedix 77

Part Ⅲ Theories of Meaning 86

Chapter 7 Traditional theories of meaning 87

7.1 Introduction 87

7.2 Ideational theories 88

7.3 The Proposition Theory 90

Summary 93

Questions 93

Further reading 93

Chapter 8 "Use" theories 95

8.1 Life and Works of Ludwig Wittgenstein 95

8.2 Wittgenstein's argument against traditional theories of meaning 96

8.3 Wittgenstein's "use" theory of meaing 98

8.4 Sellar's Theory as an improvement to Wittgenstein's 99

8.5 Objections and Some Replies 100

Summary 101

Questions 102

Further reading 102

Appedix 103

Chapter 9 Psychological theories:Grice's program 110

9.1 Grice life and works 110

9.2 Grice's basic idea 110

9.3 Grice's two-stage reductive project: 111

Summary 115

Questions 115

Further reading 116

Chapter 10 Verificationisms 117

10.1 Motivation of the theory 117

10.2 The basic idea of the verificational theory 117

10.3 Objectons 119

10.4 Two Quinean issues 121

Summary 124

Questions 124

Further reanding 124

Part Ⅳ The Dark Side 125

Chapter 11 Metaphor 126

11.1 Overview 126

11.2 A philosophical bias 127

11.3 The issues 129

11.4 Davidson's Causal Theory 130

11.5 The Na？ve Simile Theory 131

11.6 The Figurative Simile Theory 132

11.7 The Pragmatic Theory 134

11.8 Metaphor as analogical 135

Summary 136

Questions 136

Further reading 137

Bibliography 138