跨文化交际PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 Culture,Communication,Intercultural Communication 1

Warm-up Cases 1

1．Culture 3

1.1 Definitions of Culture 3

1.2 The Characteristics of Culture 4

1.3 Culture and Language 6

2．Communication 7

2.1 Definitions of Communication 7

2.2 The Characteristics of Communication 8

2.3 The Scope and Classification of Communication 10

3．Intercultural Communication 12

3.1 Definition of Intercultural Communication 12

3.2 Barriers in Intercultural Communication 12

3.3 Intercultural Communication Competence 15

Exercises 16

Glossary 20

References 21

Keys to Exercises 22

Chapter 2 Verbal Communication 23

Warm-up Cases 23

1．Cultural Variations in Verbal Communication 25

1.1 Addressing 25

1.2 Greeting and Leave-taking 26

1.3 Appologizing 27

1.4 Invitation and Response 28

1.5 Compliment and Response 30

2．The Reasons for the Differences in Verbal Communication 31

2.1 High-context and Low-context Cultures 31

2.2 Individualism and Collectivism 33

2.3 Different Cultural Thought Pattern 34

3．Special Forms of Oral Communication 35

3.1 Oral Presentation 36

3.2 Telephone Calls 37

4．Cultural Impact on Language at Various Levels 38

4.1 Word Meaning 38

4.2 Idioms 39

4.3 Topics 40

4.4 Pragmatic Transfer 41

Exercises 42

Glossary 47

References 48

Keys to Exercises 49

Chapter 3 Nonverbal Communication 50

Warm-up Cases 50

1．Definitions of Nonverbal Communication 52

2．Functions of Nonverbal Communication 53

2.1 Repeating 53

2.2 Complementing 54

2.3 Substituting 54

2.4 Regulating 54

2.5 Contradicting 54

3．Categories of Nonverbal Communication 55

3.1 Kinesics 55

3.1.1 Gestures 56

3.1.2 Facial Expressions 58

3.1.3 Postures 59

3.2 Chronemics 60

3.2.1 M-time(Monochronic time) 61

3.2.2 P-time(Polychronic time) 62

3.3 Proxemics 62

3.3.1 Hall's Spatial Distance 62

3.3.2 Personal Territory 64

3.4 Silence 65

4．Significance of Nonverbal Communication 66

Exercises 67

Glossary 71

References 72

Keys to Exercises 72

Chapter 4 Cross-gender Communication 73

Warm-up Cases 73

1．Sex and Gender 75

2．Feminine and Masculine Communication Cultures 76

2.1 Different Features of Feminine and Masculine Culture 76

2.2 The Reasons for the Differences 78

3．Cross-gender Communication Strategies 80

Exercises 81

Glossary 88

References 88

Keys to Exercises 89

Chapter 5 Identity and Cross-cultural Communication 90

Warm-up Cases 90

1．Definitions of Identity 93

2．Cultural Identity 94

2.1 Definitions of Cultural Identity 94

2.2 Formations of Cultural Identity 94

2.3 Characteristics of Cultural Identity 95

3．Identity and Cross-cultural Barriers 96

3.1 Stereotyping 96

3.1.1 Definitions of Stereotyping 96

3.1.2 The Stereotyping Process 97

3.1.3 Means of Acquiring Stereotypes 97

3.1.4 Pitfalls of Stereotype 98

3.2 Ethnocentrism 99

3.2.1 Definitions of Ethnocentrism 99

3.2.2 Forms of Ethnocentrism 100

3.2.3 Negative Impacts on Cross-cultural Communication 100

3.2.4 Efforts to Overcome Ethnocentrism 101

3.3 Prejudice 102

3.3.1 Definitions of Prejudice 102

3.3.2 Manifestations of Prejudice 103

3.3.3 Functions of Prejudice 105

3.4 Racism 106

3.4.1 Definitions of Racism 106

3.4.2 Manifestations of Racism 107

3.4.3 Forms of Racism 108

4．Overcoming Cultural Biases Based on Identity 109

Exercises 110

Glossary 112

References 113

Keys to Exercises 113

Chapter 6 Culture and International Business 114

Warm-up Cases 114

1．Business across Culture 117

1.1 Initial Contacts 117

1.2 Punctuality 120

1.3 Dining Rules and Dressing Codes 121

1.4 Superstition and Taboos 124

2．Negotiation and Managing Differences 125

2.1 Negotiation Differences 125

2.2 Management Differences 127

3．International Business Strategies 128

3.1 Negotiation Strategies 128

3.2 Marketing Strategies 130

Exercises 131

Glossary 140

References 141

Keys to Exercises 141

Chapter 7 Cross-cultural Communication and Language Teaching 142

Warm-up Cases 142

1．Culture,Language and Education 144

2．The Importance of English Language Teaching 145

2.1 English as an International Language 145

2.2 English as a Language in Education 146

2.3 English as a Dominant Working Language 147

3．Language Teaching and Intercultural Communication Competence 147

3.1 The Importance of Intercultural Communication Competence 147

3.2 Linguistic Proficiency and Communicative Competence 148

3.3 How to Improve Intercultural Communication Competence 148

Exercises 150

Glossary 156

References 156

Keys to Exercises 157

Chapter 8 Cross-cultural Communication in Intimate Relationships 158

Warm-up Cases 158

1．Friendships in Cross-cultural Communication 161

1.1 What Is a Friend? 161

1.2 Cultural Varieties in Friendships 162

2．Love Affairs in Cross-cultural Communication 164

2.1 What is a Date,Romance,Love or Marriage? 164

2.2 Suggestions on Cross-cultural Marriages 165

3．Families in Cross-cultural Communication 167

3.1 Family Types 167

3.2 Cultural Impacts on Families 168

4．Cultural Factors in Cross-cultural Intimate Relationships 170

Exercises 172

Glossary 177

References 178

Keys to Exercises 178

Chapter 9 Cultural Differences/Value Differences 179

Warm-up Cases 179

1．Cultural Differences 181

1.1 Two Types of Cultural Difference 181

1.2 Cultural Differences in Sensation and Perception 182

1.2.1 Physiological Differences 182

1.2.2 Sociological Differences 182

1.2.3 Psychological Differences 183

1.3 Cultural Differences in Etiquette 183

1.3.1 Cultural Differences in Hospitality 183

1.3.2 Cultural Differences in Modesty 184

1.3.3 Cultural Differences in Privacy 184

1.3.4 Cultural Differences in Directness 184

2．Values 185

2.1 Definitions of Values 185

2.2 Classifications of Values 186

2.3 Functions of Values 186

3．Cultural Patterns 187

3.1 Definitions of Cultural Patterns 187

3.2 Major Taxonomies of Cultural Patterns 187

3.2.1 Hofstede's Cultural Patterns 187

3.2.2 Hall's High/Low Context 197

3.2.3 The Kluckhohns＆Strodtbeck's Value Orientations 199

3.3 Remarks on Cultural Patterns 203

Exercises 204

Glossary 206

References 207

Keys to Exercises 208

Chapter 10 Developing Intercultural Competence 210

Warm-up Cases 210

1．Intercultural Awareness 213

1.1 Definitions of Intercultural Awareness 213

1.2 Four Levels of Intercultural Awareness 213

2．Culture Shock 214

2.1 Definitions of Culture Shock 215

2.2 Stages of Culture Shock 215

2.3 Ways of Coping with Culture Shock 218

3．Intercultural Adaptation 219

3.1 Acculturation 219

3.2 Factors Affecting Intercultural Adaptation 220

3.3 Intercultural Adaptation Strategies 222

3.4 Intercultural Adaptation Outcomes 224

4．Intercultural Competence 225

4.1 Definitions of Intercultural Competence 225

4.2 Factors in Intercultural Competence 226

4.3 Skills to Improve Intercultural Competence 227

Exercises 230

Glossary 233

References 234

Keys to Exercises 235