国际经济学 双语PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 Classical Theories of International Trade 1

1.1 Mercantilism 2

1.2 Trade Based on Absolute Advantage:Adam Smith 3

1.3 Trade Based on Comparative Advantage:David Ricardo 4

1.3.1 An Example of Comparative Advantage 5

1.3.2 Gains from Specialization and Trade with Comparative Advantage 6

1.3.3 Comparative Advantage in Money Terms 7

1.4 Comparative Advantage and Opportunity Cost 8

1.4.1 Gains from Specialization and Trade with Opportunity Costs 9

1.4.2 Production Possibilities Frontier and Constant Opportunity Costs 11

1.4.3 Trade under Increasing Opportunity Costs 19

1.5 Comparative Advantage with More Than Two Commodities and Countries 23

1.5.1 Comparative Advantage with More Than Two Commodities 23

1.5.2 Comparative Advantage with More Than Two Countries 25

1.6 Theory of Reciprocal Demand 25

1.7 Offer Curve and Terms of Trade 28

1.7.1 Offer Curve 28

1.7.2 Equilibrium Terms of Trade 31

1.7.3 Other Concepts of the Terms of Trade 37

Chapter 2 New Classical Theories of International Trade 39

2.1 Specific Factor Model 40

2.2 Factor Endowment Theory(H-O Model) 42

2.3 Other New Classical Theories 47

2.3.1 Rybczynski Theorem 47

2.3.2 Factor Price Equalization Theory 48

2.3.3 Stolper-Samuelson Theorem 50

2.3.4 Explaining Wage Inequality 51

2.4 Leontief Paradox 53

Chapter 3 Modern Trade Theories 58

3.1 Existence of Intraindustry Trade 59

3.2 Technological Gap,Product Life Cycle and International Trade 62

3.2.1 Technological Gap Theory 63

3.2.2 Product Life Cycle Theory 65

3.3 Theory of Overlapping Demands 68

3.4 Economies of Scale,Imperfect Competition,and International Trade 69

3.4.1 Economies of Scale and International Trade 70

3.4.2 Monopolistic Competition and Trade 74

3.5 Reciprocal Dumping Model 87

3.5.1 Economics of Dumping 87

3.5.2 Reciprocal Dumping 90

Chapter 4 Tariffs and Nontariff Barriers 92

4.1 Theories for Trade Protection 93

4.1.1 Infant Industry Argument 93

4.1.2 Terms of Trade Argument 94

4.1.3 Domestic Market Failure Argument 94

4.1.4 Strategic Trade Policy 95

4.2 Tariffs 96

4.2.1 Types of Tariffs 97

4.2.2 Effective Rate of Protection 100

4.2.3 Tariff Welfare Effects 104

4.3 Nontariff Trade Barriers 117

4.3.1 An Introduction to Nontariff Trade Barriers 117

4.3.2 Effects of Import Quota 123

4.3.3 Effects of Export Subsidy 127

Chapter 5 Regional Trading Arrangements 129

5.1 Types of Regional Trading Arrangements 130

5.2 Effects of Customs Union 132

5.2.1 Static Effects 132

5.2.2 Dynamic Effects 136

5.3 Practice of Regional Integration 138

5.3.1 European Union 138

5.3.2 North American Free Trade Agreement 141

5.3.3 Association of Southeast Asian Nations 143

Chapter 6 Balance of Payments and Foreign Exchange 145

6.1 Balance of Payments 146

6.1.1 Current Account 147

6.1.2 Capital and Financial Account 148

6.1.3 Automatic Adjustment of the Balance of Payments 149

6.2 Foreign Exchange Market and Exchange Rates 151

6.2.1 Foreign Exchange Market 151

6.2.2 Exchange Rate 152

6.2.3 Determinants of Exchange Rates 154

6.3 Exchange Rate System 156

Chapter 7 Theories of Exchange Rate Determination 158

7.1 Theory of Purchasing Power Parity 159

7.1.1 Absolute Purchasing Power Parity 160

7.1.2 Relative Purchasing Power Parity 161

7.2 Theory of Interest Rate Parity 162

7.2.1 Covered Interest Rate Parity 162

7.2.2 Uncovered Interest Rate Parity 163

7.3 Balance of Payments Approach to Exchange Rates 164

7.4 Asset Market Approach to Exchange Rates 166

7.4.1 Flexible-Price Monetary Approach 167

7.4.2 Sticky-Price Monetary Approach 170

7.4.3 Portfolio Approach to Exchange Rates 171

Chapter 8 Balance of Payments Adjustments 176

8.1 Elasticities Approach to the Balance of Payments 177

8.2 Multiplier Approach to the Balance of Payments 187

8.3 Absorption Approach to the Balance of Payments 189

8.4 Monetary Approach to the Balance of Payments 193

8.4.1 A Change in Domestic Credit under Fixed Exchange Rates 196

8.4.2 A Change in the Quantity of Money Demanded under Fixed Exchange Rates 198

8.4.3 A Change in Domestic Credit under Floating Exchange Rates 199

8.4.4 A Change in the Quantity of Money Demanded under Floating Exchange Rates 199

Chapter 9 Macroeconomic Policies in Open Economy 201

9.1 Internal Balance and External Balance in Open Economy 202

9.1.1 Internal Balance and External Balance 202

9.1.2 Policy Instruments 203

9.1.3 Tinbergen Rule 203

9.1.4 Meade Conflict 204

9.2 Policy Mix to Achieve Both Internal Balance and External Balance 204

9.2.1 Mundell Assignment Rule 204

9.2.2 Swan Model 207

9.3 Effects of Macroeconomic Policies under Fixed Exchange Rates 208

9.3.1 IS-LM-BP Model 208

9.3.2 Effects of Fiscal Policy under Fixed Exchange Rates 210

9.3.3 Effects of Monetary Policy under Fixed Exchange Rates 215

9.4 Effects of Macroeconomic Policies under Floating Exchange Rates 217

9.4.1 Effects of Fiscal Policy under Floating Exchange Rates 218

9.4.2 Effects of Monetary Policy under Floating Exchange Rates 222

9.4.3 Mundell Incompatible Trinity 224

Chapter 10 International Transmission and Coordination of Macroeconomic Policies 226

10.1 International Transmission of Macroeconomic Policies under Fixed Exchange Rates 227

10.1.1 Two-Nation Mundell-Fleming Model 227

10.1.2 International Transmission of Fiscal Policy under Fixed Exchange Rates 228

10.1.3 International Transmission of Monetary Policy under Fixed Exchange Rates 230

10.2 International Transmission of Macroeconomic Policies under Floating Exchange Rates 232

10.2.1 Intemational Transmission of Fiscal Policy under Floating Exchange Rates 232

10.2.2 International Transmission of Monetary Policy under Floating Exchange Rates 233

10.3 International Transmission of Inflation 236

10.3.1 Price Adjustment Mechanism of Inflation Transmission 236

10.3.2 Balance of Payments Mechanism of Inflation Transmission 237

10.3.3 Interest Rate Transmission Mechanism 238

10.4 International Policy Coordination and Monetary Cooperation 238

10.4.1 International Coordination of Macroeconomic Policies 239

10.4.2 International Monetary Cooperation 241

Chapter 11 International Factor Movements and Multinational Enterprises 243

11.1 International Movement of Labor 244

11.1.1 Motives for International Labor Movement 245

11.1.2 Economic Effects of Labor Movement 246

11.1.3 Other Welfare Effects of International Labor Movement 249

11.2 International Movement of Capital 251

11.2.1 Data on International Movement of Capital 252

11.2.2 Motives for International Capital Movement 254

11.2.3 Economic Effects of Capital Movement 256

11.3 Multinational Enterprises and Foreign Direct Investment Theories 259

11.3.1 Multinational Enterprises 259

11.3.2 Foreign Direct Investment Theories 264

参考文献 270