材料化学 英文PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1．WHAT IS MATERIALS CHEMISTRY？ 1

1.1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES 2

1.2 CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF NEW MATERIALS 5

1.3 DESIGN OF NEW MATERIALS THROUGH A"CRITICAL THINKING"APPROACH 6

Chapter 2．SOLID-STATE CHEMISTRY 13

2.1 AMORPHOUS VS.CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS 13

2.2 TYPES OF BONDING IN SOLIDS 14

2.2.1 Ionic Solids 15

2.2.2 Metallic Solids 16

2.2.3 Covalent Network Solids 18

2.2.4 Molecular Solids 18

2.3 THE CRYSTALLINE STATE 22

2.3.1 Crystal Growth Techniques 26

2.3.2 Crystal Structures 29

2.3.3 Crystal Symmetry and Space Groups 56

2.3.4 X-Ray Diffraction from Crystalline Solids 65

2.3.5 Crystal Imperfections 74

2.3.6 Physical Properties of Crystals 88

2.3.7 Bonding in Crystalline Solids：Introduction to Band Theory 103

2.4 THE AMORPHOUS STATE 113

2.4.1 Sol-Gel Processing 114

2.4.2 Glasses 125

2.4.3 Cementitious Materials 136

2.4.4 Ceramics 139

Chapter 3．METALS 157

3.1 MINING AND PROCESSING OF METALS 157

3.1.1 Powder Metallurgy 171

3.2 METALLIC STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES 177

3.2.1 Phase Behavior of Iron-Carbon Alloys 178

3.2.2 Hardening Mechanisms of Steels 185

3.2.3 Stainless Steels 200

3.2.4 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys 204

3.3 METAL SURFACE TREATMENTS FOR CORROSION RESISTANCE 217

3.4 MAGNETISM 220

3.5 REVERSIBLE HYDROGEN STORAGE 226

Chapter 4．SEMICONDUCTORS 239

4.1 PROPERTIES AND TYPES OF SEMICONDUCTORS 239

4.2 SILICON-BASED APPLICATIONS 251

4.2.1 Silicon Wafer Production 251

4.2.2 Integrated Circuits 255

4.3 LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES：THERE IS LIFE OUTSIDE OF SILICON! 321

4.4 THERMOELECTRIC（TE）MATERIALS 330

Chapter 5．POLYMERIC MATERIALS 349

5.1 POLYMER CLASSIFICATIONS AND NOMENCLATURE 351

5.2 POLYMERIZATION MECHANISMS 356

5.2.1 Addition Polymerization 359

5.2.2 Heterogeneous Catalysis 364

5.2.3 Homogeneous Catalysis 366

5.2.4 Step-Growth Polymerization 372

5.2.5 Dendritic Polymers 376

5.2.6 Polymerization via"Click"Chemistry 386

5.3 “SOFT MATERIALS”APPLICATIONS：STRUCTURE VS.PROPERTIES 388

5.3.1 Biomaterials Applications 393

5.3.2 Conductive Polymers 417

5.3.3 Molecular Magnets 426

5.4 POLYMER ADDITIVES 437

5.4.1 Flame Retardants 440

Chapter 6．NANOMATERIALS 457

6.1 NANOTOXICITY 458

6.2 WHAT IS“NANOTECHNOLOGY”？ 468

6.3 NANOSCALE BUILDING BLOCKS AND APPLICATIONS 470

6.3.1 Zero-Dimensional Nanomaterials 473

6.3.2 One-Dimensional Nanostructures 529

6.3.3 Two-Dimensional Nanostructures：The"Graphene Frontier" 559

Chapter 7．ATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION 585

7.1 OPTICAL MICROSCOPY 586

7.2 ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 588

7.2.1 Electron Sources 593

7.2.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy（TEM） 597

7.2.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy（SEM） 617

7.3 SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES BASED ON PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT 629

7.3.1 Photoelectron Spectroscopy（PES） 629

7.3.2 X-ray Absorption Fine Structure（XAFS） 631

7.3.3 Ion-Bombardment Techniques 634

7.3.4 Atom-Probe Tomography（APT） 643

7.4 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY（SPM） 645

7.5 BULK CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES 651

APPENDIX A 669

APPENDIX B 681

APPENDIX C 693

C.1 CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF CARBON NANOTUBES 693

C.1.1 Background Information 693

C.1.2 Procedure 695

C.2 SUPERCRITICAL FLUID FACILITATED GROWTH OF COPPER AND ALUMINUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES 697

C.2.1 Procedure 698

C.3 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIQUID CRYSTALS 700

C.3.1 Procedure 703

C.4 TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS AND MAGNETIC MANIPULATION OF NICKEL NANOWIRES 705

C.4.1 Procedure 705

C.5 INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY 709

C.5.1 Procedure 709

C.6 SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOCLUSTERS 712

C.6.1 Procedure 712

C.7 SYNTHESIS OF POROUS SILICON 713

C.7.1 Procedure 714

C.8 SOLID-LIQUID-SOLID（SLS）GROWTH OF SILICON NANOWIRES 714

C.8.1 Procedure 716

C.9 SYNTHESIS OF FERROFLUIDS 717

C.10 METALLURGY/PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS 717

C.11 HEAT TREATMENT OF GLASS CERAMICS 717

Index 719