会计学基础 双语教学会计 英文PDF电子书下载

CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1

Learning objectives 1

Introduction 1

Sectors in the economy 1

Types of business organisation 2

Business objectives 3

Fundamentals of financial accounting 3

The accounting equation 4

International standards 5

Terminology 5

Summary 5

CHAPTER review 6

Key terms 6

Review questions 6

CHAPTER 2 Double-entry bookkeeping 9

Learning objectives 9

Introduction 9

What does the account show？ 9

Rules for double-entry transactions 10

Further information for double-entry bookkeeping 12

Accounting for inventory 12

What do we mean by inventory？ 13

Double-entry transactions for inventory 13

Returns of inventory 15

Drawings 17

Income and expenses 17

How many different expense accounts should be opened？ 18

Balancing accounts 19

CHAPTER review 21

Handy hints 22

Key terms 22

Review questions 23

CHAPTER 3 Financial statements 28

Learning objectives 28

Introduction 28

Trial balance 29

Statement of comprehensive income 30

Statement of financial position 35

Further adjustments to the statement of comprehensive income 38

CHAPTER review 40

Relevant accounting standards 40

Handy hints 41

Key terms 41

Review questions 42

CHAPTER 4 Day books and ledgers 52

Learning objectives 52

Introduction 52

Ledgers 52

Day books 53

Cash books 53

Cash and trade discounts 55

Three-column cash books 56

Petty cash book 57

Sales day book 59

Purchases day book 60

Returns day books 62

The journal 63

The use of folio columns 65

CHAPTER review 65

Handy hints 66

Key terms 66

Review questions 67

CHAPTER5 Value added tax 76

Learning objectives 76

Introduction 76

The administration of VAT 76

VAT and double-entry bookkeeping 77

Other items in the VAT account 81

VAT and discounts 82

CHAPTER review 83

Handy hints 83

Key terms 84

Review questions 84

CHAPTER 6 Capital and revenue expenditure 88

Learning objectives 88

Introduction 88

Classifying capital and revenue expenditure 88

Joint expenditure 90

Capital and revenue receipts 90

Areas of debate 90

Incorrect classification of expenditure 92

CHAPTER review 92

Relevant accounting standards 92

Handy hints 92

Key terms 93

Review questions 93

CHAPTER 7 Accounting concepts and standards 98

Learning objectives 98

Introduction 98

Financial statements-the underlying principles 98

Accounting concepts 100

Introduction to accounting standards 101

CHAPTER review 103

Handy hints 104

Key terms 104

Review questions 104

CHAPTER 8 Adjustments to the financial statements 107

Learning objectives 107

Introduction 107

Accruals 107

Prepayments 109

Revenue 109

Accruals and prepayments and the statement of financial position 110

Dealing with trial balances when outstanding balances exist 111

Dealing with balances from more than one year 112

Links with other topics 114

CHAPTER review 114

Handy hints 114

Key terms 114

Review questions 115

CHAPTER 9 Bad debts and provision for doubtful debts 123

Learning objectives 123

Introduction 123

Accounting for bad debts 123

How can a business minimise the risk of bad debts？ 125

Provision for doubtful debts 125

Calculating the size of the provision for doubtful debts 126

Accounting entries for the provision for doubtful debts 126

Provision for doubtful debts and the statement of financial position 128

Bad debts recovered 128

Provision for discounts on debtors 129

CHAPTER review 130

Handy hints 130

Key terms 130

Review questions 131

CHAPTER 10 Depreciation of non-current assets 135

Learning objectives 135

Introduction 135

Why do assets lose value？ 135

Do all assets lose value？ 136

Methods of depreciation 137

Straight line method 137

Reducing balance method 137

Depreciation and the statement of financial position 138

A comparison of the two methods 139

Changing methods of depreciation 139

Mid-year purchases and sales 140

Depreciation and double-entry bookkeeping 141

Asset disposal 142

Depreciation of intangible assets 145

CHAPTER review 145

Relevant accounting standards 146

Handy hints 146

Key terms 146

Review questions 146

CHAPTER 11 Errors and suspense accounts 151

Learning objectives 151

Introduction 151

Errors that don’t affect the trial balance agreement 151

Correction of the errors 152

Errors that do affect the trial balance agreement 156

Errors and profits 158

CHAPTER review 159

Handy hints 160

Key terms 160

Review questions 160

CHAPTER 12 Control accounts 165

Learning objectives 165

Introduction 165

Information used in the control accounts 165

Memorandum accounts 166

Layout of control accounts 167

Other items found in control accounts 169

Use of control accounts 170

CHAPTER review 174

Handy hints 174

Key terms 174

Review questions 174

CHAPTER 13 Bank reconciliation statements 179

Learning objectives 179

Introduction 179

Procedure for bank reconciliation 180

Identifying items not appearing both in the cash book and on the bank statement 181

Bringing the cash book up to date 182

Updated cash book 183

Producing the bank reconciliation statement 184

Further information concerning construction of bank reconciliation statements 185

CHAPTER review 186

Handy hints 186

Key terms 186

Review questions 187

CHAPTER 14 Manufacturing accounts 192

Learning objectives 192

Introduction 192

How costs are classified 192

Prime cost 193

Indirect manufacturing costs 195

After the manufacturing account is completed 197

Factory profit 197

Provision for unrealised profit on unsold inventory 198

CHAPTER review 200

Handy hints 200

Key terms 200

Review questions 201

CHAPTER 15 Limited companies 210

Learning objectives 210

Introduction 210

Types of limited company 210

Differences between public and private limited companies 211

Shares and shareholders 212

Debentures 214

Financial statements of limited companies 214

Reserves 218

CHAPTER review 223

Relevant accounting standards 223

Handy hints 224

Key terms 224

Review questions 225

Appendix 1 Answers to review questions 233

Appendix 2 Glossary 298