西尔斯当代大学物理 英文版 原书12版 上PDF电子书下载

MECHANICS 1

1UNITS，PHYSICAL QUANTITIES，AND VECTORS 1

1.1 The Nature of Physics 2

1.2 Solving Physics Problems 2

1.3 Standards and Units 4

1.4 Unit Consistency and Conversions 6

1.5 Uncertainty and Signifi. cant Figures 8

1.6 Estimates and Orders of Magnitude 10

1.7 Vectors and Vector Addition 11

1.8 Components of Vectors 15

1.9 Unit Vectors 20

1.10 Products of Vectors 21

Summary/Key Terms 27

Questions/Exercises/Problems 28

2MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 36

2.1 Displacement，Time，and Average Velocity 37

2.2 Instantaneous Velocity 39

2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration 43

2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration 47

2.5 Freely Falling Bodies 53

2.6 Velocity and Position by Integration 57

Summary/Key Terms 60

Questions/Exercises/Problems 61

3MOTION IN TWO OR THREE DIMENSIONS 71

3.1 Position and Velocity Vectors 72

3.2 The Acceleration Vector 74

3.3 Projectile Motion 79

3.4 Motion in a Circle 87

3.5 Relative Velocity 91

Summary/Key Terms 96

Questions/Exercises/Problems 97

4 NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION 107

4.1 Force and Interactions 108

4.2 Newton’s First Law 111

4.3 Newton’ s Second Law 115

4.4 Mass and Weight 120

4.5 Newton’ s Third Law 123

4.6 Free-Body Diagrams 126

Summary/Key Terms 129

Questions/Exercises/Problems 130

5 APPLYING NEWTON’S LAWS 136

5.1 Using Newton’s First Law：Particles in Equilibrium 136

5.2 Using Newton’s Second Law：Dynamics of Particles 142

5.3 Frictional Forces 149

5.4 Dynamics of Circular Motion 158

5.5 The Fundamental Forces of Nature 163

Summary/Key Terms 165

Questions/Exercises/Problems 166

6 WORK AND KINETIC ENERGY 181

6.1 Work 182

6.2 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem 186

6.3 Work and Energy with Varying Forces 192

6.4 Power 199

Summary/Key Terms 202

Questions/Exercises/Problems 203

7POTENTIAL ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION 213

7.1 Gravitational Potential Energy 214

7.2 Elastic Potential Energy 222

7.3 Conservative and Nonconservative Forces 229

7.4 Force and Potential Energy 232

7.5 Energy Diagrams 235

Summary/Key Terms 237

Questions/Exercises/Problems 238

8MOMENTUM，IMPULSE，AND COLLISIONS 247

8.1 Momentum and Impulse 247

8.2 Conservation of Momentum 253

8.3 Momentum Conservation and Collisions 257

8.4 Elastic Collisions 262

8.5 Center of Mass 266

8.6 Rocket Propulsion 270

Summary/Key Terms 273

Questions/Exercises/Problems 274

9 ROTATION OF RIGID BODIES 285

9.1 Angular Velocity and Acceleration 285

9.2 Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration 290

9.3 Relating Linear and Angular Kinematics 293

9.4 Energy in Rotational Motion 296

9.5 Parallel-Axis Theorem 301

9.6 Moment-of-Inertia Calculations 303

Summary/Key Terms 306

Questions/Exercises/Problems 307

10 DYNAMICS OF ROTATIONAL MOTION 316

10.1 Torque 316

10.2 Torque and Angular Acceleration for a Rigid Body 319

10.3 Rigid-Body Rotation About a Moving Axis 323

10.4 Work and Power in Rotational Motion 329

10.5 Angular Momentum 331

10.6 Conservation of Angular Momentum 333

10.7 Gyroscopes and Precession 337

Summary/Key Terms 341

Questions/Exercises/Problems 343

11 EQUILIBRIUM AND ELASTICITY 354

11.1 Conditions for Equilibrium 355

11.2 Center of Gravity 355

11.3 Solving Rigid-Body Equilibrium Problems 358

11.4 Stress，Strain，and Elastic Moduli 363

11.5 Elasticity and Plasticity 368

Summary/Key Terms 370

Questions/Exercises/Problems 371

12 GRAVITATION 383

12.1 Newton’s Law of Gravitation 383

12.2 Weight 388

12.3 Gravitational Potential Energy 390

12.4 The Motion of Satellites 393

12.5 Kepler’ s Laws and the Motion of Planets 396

12.6 Spherical Mass Distributions 400

12.7 Apparent Weight and the Earth’ s Rotation 403

12.8 Black Holes 405

Summary/Key Terms 410

Questions/Exercises/Problems 411

13 PERIODIC MOTION 419

13.1 Describing Oscillation 419

13.2 Simple Harmonic Motion 421

13.3 Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion 428

13.4 Applications of Simple Harmonic Motion 432

13.5 The Simple Pendulum 436

13.6 The Physical Pendulum 438

13.7 Damped Oscillations 440

13.8 Forced Oscillations and Resonance 442

Summary/Key Terms 445

Questions/Exercises/Problems 447

14 FLUID MECHANICS 456

14.1 Density 456

14.2 Pressure in a Fluid 458

14.3 Buoyancy 463

14.4 Fluid Flow 466

14.5 Bernoulli’ s Equation 468

14.6 Viscosity and Turbulence 472

Summary/Key Terms 476

Questions/Exercises/Problems 477

WAVES/ACOUSTICS 487

15 MECHANICAL WAVES 487

15.1 Types of Mechanical Waves 488

15.2 Periodic Waves 489

15.3 Mathematical Description of a Wave 492

15.4 Speed of a Transverse Wave 498

15.5 Energy in Wave Motion 502

15.6 Wave Interference，Boundary Conditions，and Superposition 505

15.7 Standing Waves on a String 507

15.8 Normal Modes of a String 511

Summary/Key Terms 516

Questions/Exercises/Problems 518

16 SOUND AND HEARING 527

16.1 Sound Waves 527

16.2 Speed of Sound Waves 532

16.3 Sound Intensity 537

16.4 Standing Sound Waves and Normal Modes 541

16.5 Resonance and Sound 546

16.6 Interference of Waves 548

16.7 Beats 550

16.8 The Doppler Effect 552

16.9 Shock Waves 558

Summary/Key Terms 561

Questions/Exercises/Problems 563

THERMODYNAMICS 570

17 TEMPERATURE AND HEAT 570

17.1 Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium 571

17.2 Thermometers and Temperature Scales 572

17.3 Gas Thermometers and the Kelvin Scale 574

17.4 Thermal Expansion 576

17.5 Quantity of Heat 582

17.6 Calorimetry and Phase Changes 586

17.7 Mechanisms of Heat Transfer 591

Summary/Key Terms 598

Questions/Exercises/Problems 600

18THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER 610

18.1 Equations of State 611

18.2 Molecular Properties of Matter 617

18.3 Kinetic-Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas 619

18.4 Heat Capacities 626

18.5 Molecular Speeds 629

18.6 Phases of Matter 631

Summary/Key Terms 635

Questions/Exercises/Problems 637

19THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 646

19.1 Thermodynamic Systems 646

19.2 Work Done During Volume Changes 647

19.3 Paths Between Thermodynamic States 650

19.4 Internal Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics 651

19.5 Kinds of Thermodynamic Processes 656

19.6 Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas 658

19.7 Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas 659

19.8 Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas 662

Summary/Key Terms 665

Questions/Exercises/Problems 667

20THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 673

20.1 Directions of Thermodynamic Processes 673

20.2 Heat Engines 675

20.3 Internal-Combustion Engines 678

20.4 Refrigerators 680

20.5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 682

20.6 The Carnot Cycle 684

20.7 Entropy 690

20.8 Microscopic Interpretation of Entropy 697

Summary/Key Terms 700

Questions/Exercises/Problems 702