西尔斯当代大学物理 英文版 原书12版 下PDF电子书下载

ELECTROMAGNETISM 709

21ELECTRIC CHARGE AND ELECTRIC FIELD 709

21.1 Electric Charge 710

21.2 Conductors，Insulators，and Induced Charges 713

21.3 Coulomb’s Law 716

21.4 Electric Field and Electric Forces 721

21.5 Electric-Field Calculations 727

21.6 Electric Field Lines 733

21.7 Electric Dipoles 735

Summary/Key Terms 739

Questions/Exercises/Problems 741

22GAUSS’S LAW 750

22.1 Charge and Electric Flux 750

22.2 Calculating Electric Flux 753

22.3 Gauss’s Law 757

22.4 Applications of Gauss’ s Law 761

22.5 Charges on Conductors 767

Summary/Key Terms 772

Questions/Exercises/Problems 773

23ELECTRIC POTENTIAL 780

23.1 Electric Potential Energy 780

23.2 Electric Potential 787

23.3 Calculating Electric Potential 794

23.4 Equipotential Surfaces 798

23.5 Potential Gradient 801

Summary/Key Terms 804

Questions/Exercises/Problems 805

24CAPACITANCE AND DIELECTRICS 815

24.1 Capacitors and Capacitance 816

24.2 Capacitors in Series and Parallel 820

24.3 Energy Storage in Capacitors and Electric-Field Energy 824

24.4 Dielectrics 828

24.5 Molecular Model of Induced Charge 833

24.6 Gauss’ s Law in Dielectrics 835

Summary/Key Terms 837

Questions/Exercises/Problems 838

25CURRENT，RESISTANCE，AND ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE 846

25.1 Current 847

25.2 Resistivity 850

25.3 Resistance 853

25.4 Electromotive Force and Circuits 857

25.5 Energy and Power in Electric Circuits 863

25.6 Theory of Metallic Conduction 867

Summary/Key Terms 871

Questions/Exercises/Problems 872

26DIRECT-CURRENT CIRCUITS 881

26.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel 881

26.2 Kirchhoff’ s Rules 886

26.3 Electrical Measuring Instruments 891

26.4 R-C Circuits 896

26.5 Power Distribution Systems 900

Summary/Key Terms 905

Questions/Exercises/Problems 906

27MAGNETIC FIELD AND MAGNETIC FORCES 916

27.1 Magnetism 916

27.2 Magnetic Field 918

27.3 Magnetic Field Lines and Magnetic Flux 922

27.4 Motion of Charged Particles in a Magnetic Field 925

27.5 Applications of Motion of Charged Particles 929

27.6 Magnetic Force on a Carrent-Carrying Conductor 932

27.7 Force and Torque on a Current Loop 935

27.8 The Direct-Current Motor 941

27.9 The Hall Effect 943

Summary/Key Terms 945

Questions/Exercises/Problems 947

28SOURCES OF MAGNETIC FIELD 957

28.1 Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge 957

28.2 Magnetic Field of a Current Element 960

28.3 Magnetic Field of a Straight Current-Carrying Conductor 962

28.4 Force Between Parallel Conductors 965

28.5 Magnetic Field of a Circular Current Loop 967

28.6 Ampere’s Law 969

28.7 Applications of Ampere’s Law 973

28.8 Magnetic Materials 976

Summary/Key Terms 982

Questions/Exercises/Problems 984

29ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 993

29.1 Induction Experiments 994

29.2 Faraday’ s Law 996

29.3 Lenz’ s Law 1004

29.4 Motional Electromotive Force 1006

29.5 Induced Electric Fields 1008

29.6 Eddy Currents 1011

29.7 Displacement Current and Maxwell’s Equations 1013

29.8 Superconductivity 1017

Summary/Key Terms 1019

Questions/Exercises/Problems 1020

30INDUCTANCE 1030

30.1 Mutual Inductance 1030

30.2 Self-Inductance and Inductors 1034

30.3 Inductors and Magnetic-Field Energy 1038

30.4 The R-L Circuit 1041

30.5 The L-C Circuit 1045

30.6 The L-R-C Series Circuit 1049

Summary/Key Terms 1052

Questions/Exercises/Problems 1053

31ALTERNATING CURRENT 1061

31.1 Phasors and Alternating Currents 1061

31.2 Resistance and Reactance 1064

31.3 The L-R-C Series Circuit 1070

31.4 Power in Alternating-Current Circuits 1074

31.5 Resonance in Alternating-Current Circuits 1077

31.6 Transformers 1080

Summary/Key Terms 1084

Questions/Exercises/Problems 1085

32ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 1092

32.1 Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves 1093

32.2 Plane Electromagnetic Waves and the Speed of Light 1096

32.3 Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Waves 1101

32.4 Energy and Momentum in Electromagnetic Waves 1106

32.5 Standing Electromagnetic Waves 1111

Summary/Key Terms 1115

Questions/Exercises/Problems 1116

OPTICS 1121

33THE NATURE AND PROPAGATION OF LIGHT 1121

33.1 The Nature of Light 1121

33.2 Reflection and Refraction 1123

33.3 Total Internal Reflection 1129

33.4 Dispersion 1132

33.5 Polarization 1133

33.6 Scattering of Light 1142

33.7 Huygens’ s Principle 1144

Summary/Key Terms 1147

Questions/Exercises/Problems 1149

34GEOMETRIC OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS 1157

34.1 Reflection and Refraction at a Plane Surface 1157

34.2 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 1161

34.3 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 1169

34.4 Thin Lenses 1174

34.5 Cameras 1182

34.6 The Eye 1185

34.7 The Magnifier 1189

34.8 Microscopes and Telescopes 1191

Summary/Key Terms 1196

Questions/Exercises/Problems 1198

35INTERFERENCE 1207

35.1 Interference and Coherent Sources 1208

35.2 Two-Source Interference of Light 1211

35.3 Intensity in Interference Patterns 1214

35.4 Interference in Thin Films 1218

35.5 The Michelson Interferometer 1224

Summary/Key Terms 1227

Questions/Exercises/Problems 1228

36DIFFRACTION 1234

36.1 Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction 1235

36.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 1236

36.3 Intensity in the Single-Slit Pattern 1239

36.4 Multiple Slits 1243

36.5 The Diffraction Grating 1246

36.6 X-Ray Diffraction 1250

36.7 Circular Apertures and Resolving Power 1253

36.8 Holography 1256

Summary/Key Terms 1259

Questions/Exercises/Problems 1260

MODERN PHYSICS 1268

37RELATIVITY 1268

37.1 Invariance of Physical Laws 1268

37.2 Relativity of Simultaneity 1272

37.3 Relativity of Time Intervals 1274

37.4 Relativity of Length 1278

37.5 The Lorentz Transformation 1283

37.6 The Doppler Effect for Electromagnetic Waves 1287

37.7 Relativistic Momentum 1289

37.8 Relativistic Work and Energy 1292

37.9 Newtonian Mechanics and Relativity 1295

Summary/Key Terms 1298

Questions/Exercises/Problems 1300

38PHOTONS，ELECTRONS，AND ATOMS 1307

38.1 Emission and Absorption of Light 1307

38.2 The Photoelectric Effect 1309

38.3 Atomic Line Spectra and Energy Levels 1314

38.4 The Nuclear Atom 1319

38.5 The Bohr Model 1322

38.6 The Laser 1327

38.7 X-Ray Production and Scattering 1330

38.8 Continuous Spectra 1334

38.9 Wave-Particle Duality 1338

Summary/Key Terms 1340

Questions/Exercises/Problems 1342

39THE WAVE NATURE OF PARTICLES 1349

39.1 De Broglie Waves 1350

39.2 Electron Diffraction 1352

39.3 Probability and Uncertainty 1355

39.4 The Electron Microscope 1360

39.5 Wave Functions and the Schrodinger Equation 1361

Summary/Key Terms 1368

Questions/Exercises/Problems 1369

40QUANTUM MECHANICS 1375

40.1 Particle in a Box 1375

40.2 Potential Wells 1380

40.3 Potential Barriers and Tunneling 1384

40.4 The Harmonic Oscillator 1387

40.5 Three-Dimensional Problems 1392

Summary/Key Terms 1394

Questions/Exercises/Problems 1395

41ATOMIC STRUCTURE 1401

41.1 The Hydrogen Atom 1401

41.2 The Zeeman Effect 1409

41.3 Electron Spin 1413

41.4 Many-Electron Atoms and the Exclusion Principle 1417

41.5 X-Ray Spectra 1423

Summary/Key Terms 1427

Questions/Exercises/Problems 1428

42MOLECULES AND CONDENSED MATTER 1433

42.1 Types of Molecular Bonds 1433

42.2 Molecular Spectra 1436

42.3 Structure of Solids 1441

42.4 Energy Bands 1445

42.5 Free-Electron Model of Metals 1447

42.6 Semiconductors 1452

42.7 Semiconductor Devices 1455

42.8 Superconductivity 1460

Summary/Key Terms 1461

Questions/Exercises/Problems 1462

43NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1468

43.1 Properties of Nuclei 1468

43.2 Nuclear Binding and Nuclear Structure 1473

43.3 Nuclear Stability and Radioactivity 1478

43.4 Activities and Half-Lives 1485

43.5 Biological Effects of Radiation 1489

43.6 Nuclear Reactions 1492

43.7 Nuclear Fission 1494

43.8 Nuclear Fusion 1498

Summary/Key Terms 1502

Questions/Exercises/Problems 1503

44PARTICLE PHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY 1509

44.1 Fundamental Particles—A History 1509

44.2 Particle Accelerators and Detectors 1514

44.3 Particles and Interactions 1519

44.4 Quarks and the Eightfold Way 1525

44.5 The Standard Model and Beyond 1530

44.6 The Expanding Universe 1532

44.7 The Beginning of Time 1538

Summary/Key Terms 1547

Questions/Exercises/Problems 1548