塞罕坝动物志 脊椎动物卷PDF电子书下载

总论 1

一、塞罕坝自然概况 1

（一）地理位置及地貌 1

（二）气候条件 1

（三）土壤类型 2

（四）河流水文 2

（五）古地理概况 2

（六）自然资源 3

（七）人文及社会状况 3

二、塞罕坝动物资源的历史变迁 3

三、塞罕坝脊椎动物群落的结构与多样性 5

（一）塞罕坝森林—草原交错带的划分 5

（二）脊椎动物群落结构与多样性研究方法 6

（三）脊椎动物群落的结构与多样性 9

四、塞罕坝动物经济意义 38

（一）珍稀保护种类 38

（二）农林、卫生有益动物 39

（三）食用动物 40

（四）毛皮动物 40

（五）药用动物 40

（六）观赏动物 41

（七）动物危害 41

各论 42

硬骨鱼纲OSTEICHTHYES 42

鱼类形态特征及常用名词术语 42

一、鲑形目Salmoniformes 44

（一）鲑科Salmonidae 44

细鳞鲑属Brachymystax Güenther,1866 44

1．细鳞鲑Brachymystax lenok(Pallas) 44

二、鲤形目Cypriniformes 46

（二）鲤科Cyprinidae 46

雅罗鱼亚科Leuciscinae 47

A．？属Phoxinus Agassiz,1835 47

2．洛氏？Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 47

B．雅罗鱼属Leuciscus Cuvier,1817 48

3．瓦氏雅罗鱼Leuciscus waleckii(Dybowski) 49

鲤亚科Cyprininae 50

C．鲤属Cyprinus Linnaeus,1758 50

4．鲤Cyprinus carpio(Linnaeus) 51

D．鲫属Carassius Jarocki,1822 52

5．鲫Carassius auratus(Linnaeus) 52

（三）鳅科Cobitidae 54

花鳅亚科Cobitinae 54

泥鳅属Misgurnus lacépède,1803 54

6．北方泥鳅Misgurnus bipartitus(Sauvage et Dabry) 54

7．泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus(Cantor) 55

三、刺鱼目Gasterosteiformes 56

（四）刺鱼科Gasterosteidae 57

多刺鱼属Pungitius Coste,1846 57

8．中华多刺鱼Pungitius sinensis(Guichenot) 57

两栖纲AMPHIBIA 58

无尾两栖动物分类的形态学特征及常用名词术语 58

一、无尾目Anura 63

（一）蟾蜍科Bufonidae 64

蟾蜍属Bufo Laurenti,1768 64

1．中华蟾蜍Bufo gargarizans Cantor,1842 64

2．花背蟾蜍Bufo raddei Strauch,1876 66

（二）雨蛙科Hylidae 68

雨蛙属Hyla Laurenti,1768 68

3．日本雨蛙Hyla japonica Güenther,1842 68

（三）蛙科Ranidae 70

A．林蛙属Rana Linnaeus,1758 70

4．中国林蛙Rana chensinensis David,1875 71

B．侧褶蛙属Pelophylax Fitzinger,1843 73

5．黑斑侧褶蛙Pelophylax nigromaculatus Hallowell,1860 73

爬行纲REPTILIA 75

爬行纲动物分类常用名词术语 76

一、蜥蜴目Lacertiforms 80

（一）壁虎科Gekkonidae Groy,1825 80

壁虎属Gekko Laurenti,1768 81

1．无蹼壁虎Gekko swinhonis Güenther,1864 81

（二）鬣蜥科Agamidae Gray,1827 82

沙蜥属Phrynocephalus Kaup,1825 83

2．草原沙蜥Phrymocephalus frontalis Strauch,1876 83

（三）蜥蜴科Lacertidae Gray,1825 84

麻蜥属Eremias Wiegmarm,1834 84

3．丽斑麻蜥Eremias argus Peters,1869 84

4．山地麻蜥Eremias brenchleyi Güenther,1872 86

二、蛇目Serpentiformes 87

（四）游蛇科Colubridae Gray,1825 87

A．游蛇属Coluber Linnaeus,1758 88

5．黄脊游蛇Coluber spinalis(Peters,1866) 88

B．锦蛇属Elaphe Fitzinger,1883 89

6．白条锦蛇Elaphe dione(Pallas,1773) 90

7．红点锦蛇Elaphe rufodorsata(Cantor,1842) 91

8．团花锦蛇Elaphe davidi(Sauvage,1884) 93

C．颈槽蛇属Rhabdophis Fitzinger,1843 94

9．虎斑颈槽蛇Rhabdophis tigrinus(Boie,1826) 95

（五）蝮科Crotalidae 96

亚洲蝮属Gloydius Hoge and Romano-Hoge,1981 97

10．中介蝮Gloydius intermedius(Strauch,1868) 97

鸟纲AVES 98

鸟类分类的形态学特征及常用名词术语 99

一、目Podicipediformes 111

（一）科Podicipedidae 112

A．小属Tachybaptus Reichenbach,1852 112

1．小Tachybaptus ruficollis(Pallas) 112

B．属Podiceps Latham,1787 113

2．凤头Podiceps cristatus(Linnaeus) 114

3．黑颈Podiceps nigricollis Brehm 115

二、鹈形目Pelecaniformes 117

（二）鸬鹚科Phalacrocoracidae 117

鸬鹚属Phalacrocorax Brisson,1760 117

4．普通鸬鹚Phalacrocorax carbo Linnaeus 117

三、鹳形目Ciconiiformes 119

（三）鹭科Ardeidae 120

A．鹭属Ardea Linnaeus,1758 120

5．苍鹭Ardea cinerea Linnaeus 120

B．苇？属Ixobrychus Billberg,1828 122

6．黄斑苇？Ixobrychus sinensis(Gmelin) 122

C．麻？属Botaurus Stephens,1819 123

7．大麻？Botaurus stellaris(Linnaeus) 124

（四）鹳科Ciconiidae 125

鹳属Ciconia Brisson,1760 126

8．黑鹳Ciconia nigra(Linnaeus) 126

四、雁形目Anseriformes 127

（五）鸭科Anatidae 128

A．天鹅属Cygnus Bechstein,1803 128

9．大天鹅Cygnus cygnus(Linnaeus) 128

10．小天鹅Cygnus columbianus(Ord) 130

B．雁属Anser Brisson,1760 131

11．鸿雁Anser cygnoides(Linnaeus) 131

12．豆雁Anser fabalis(Latham) 133

C．麻鸭属Tadorna Fleming,1822 135

13．赤麻鸭Tadorna ferruginea(Pallas) 135

14．翘鼻麻鸭Tadorna tadorna(Linnaeus) 137

D．鸳鸯属Aix Boie,1828 138

15．鸳鸯Aix galericulata(Linnaeus) 139

E．河鸭属Anas Linnaeus,1758 140

16．罗纹鸭Anas falcata Georgi 141

17．绿翅鸭Anas crecca Linnaeus 142

18．绿头鸭Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus 144

19．斑嘴鸭Anas poecilorhyncha Forster 146

20．白眉鸭Anas querquedula Linnaeus 147

21．琵嘴鸭Anas clypeata Linnaeus 148

F．潜鸭属Aythya Boie,1822 150

22．红头潜鸭Aythya ferina(Linnaeus) 150

23．青头潜鸭Aythya baeri(Radde) 152

24．凤头潜鸭Aythya fuligula(Linnaeus) 153

五、隼形目Falconiformes 154

（六）鹰科Accipitridae 155

A．鸢属Milvus Lacepede,1799 155

25．黑鸢Milvus migrans(Boddaert) 156

B．兀鹫属Gyps Savigny,1809 157

26．高山兀鹫Gyps himalayensis Hume 158

C．秃鹫属Aegypius Savigny,1809 159

27．秃鹫Aegypius monachus(Linnaeus) 159

D．鹰属Accipiter Brisson,1760 161

28．日本松雀鹰Accipiter gularis(Temminck) 161

29．雀鹰Accipiter nisus(Linnaeus) 163

30．苍鹰Accipiter gentilis(Linnaeus) 165

E．鵟属Buteo Lacépède,1799 167

31．普通鵟Buteo buteo(Linnaeus) 167

F．鹞属Circus Lacepede,1799 169

32．白尾鹞Circus cyaneus(Linnaeus) 169

33．鹊鹞Circus melanoleucos(Pennant) 171

G．雕属Aquila Brisson,1760 172

34．草原雕Aquila nipalensis(Hodgson) 172

35．乌雕Aquila clanga Pallas 174

（七）隼科Falconidae 175

隼属Falco Linnaeus,1758 176

36．红隼Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 176

37．红脚隼Falco amurensis Radde 178

38．灰背隼Falco columbarius Linnaeus 180

39．燕隼Falco subbuteo Linnaeus 181

六、鸡形目Galliformes 183

（八）松鸡科Tetraonidae 183

琴鸡属Lyrurus Swainson,1831 184

40．黑琴鸡Lyrurus tetrix(Linnaeus) 184

（九）雉科Phasianidae 186

A．石鸡属Alectoris Kaup,1829 186

41．石鸡Alectoris chukar(J.E.Gray) 186

B．山鹑属Perdix Brisson,1760 188

42．斑翅山鹑Perdix dauurica(Pallas) 188

C．鹌鹑属Coturnix Bonnaterre,1791 190

43．鹌鹑Coturnix coturnix(Linnaeus) 190

D．雉属Phasianus Linnaeus,1758 192

44．环颈雉Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus 192

七、鹤形目Gruiformes 194

（十）鹤科Gruidae 194

A．蓑羽鹤属Anthropoides Vieillot,1816 194

45．蓑羽鹤Anthropoides virgo(Linnaeus) 195

B．鹤属Grus Brisson,1760 196

46．白枕鹤Grus vipio Pallas 196

47．灰鹤Grus grus(Linnaeus) 198

48．白头鹤Grus monacha Temminck 200

（十一）秧鸡科Rallidae 201

A．秧鸡属Rallus Linnaeus,1785 202

49．普通秧鸡Rallus aquaticus Linnaeus 202

B．黑水鸡属Gallinula Brisson,1760 203

50．黑水鸡Gallinula chloropus(Linnaeus) 204

C．骨顶属Fulica Linnaeus,1758 205

51．骨顶鸡Fulica atra Linnaeus 205

（十二）鸨科Otididae 207

鸨属Otis Linnaeus,1758 207

52．大鸨Otis tarda Linnaeus 208

八、鸻形目Charadriiformes 209

（十三）反嘴鹬科Recurvirostridae 210

反嘴鹬属Recurvirostra Linnaeus,1758 210

53．反嘴鹬Recurvirostra avosetta Linnaeus 210

（十四）鸻科Charadriidae 212

A．麦鸡属Vanellus Brisson,1760 212

54．凤头麦鸡Vanellus vanellus(Linnaeus) 212

55．灰头麦鸡Vanellus cinereus(Blyth) 214

B．鸻属Charadrius Linnaeus,1758 215

56．剑鸻Charadrius hiaticula Linnaeus 216

57．金眶鸻Charadrius dubius Scopoli 217

58．环颈鸻Charadrius alexandrinus Linnaeus 219

（十五）鹬科Scolopacidae 220

A．沙锥属Gallinago Koch,1816 221

59．针尾沙锥Gallinago stenura(Bonaparte) 221

60．扇尾沙锥Gallinago gallinago(Linnaeus) 223

B．杓鹬属Numenius Brisson,1760 224

61．白腰杓鹬Numenius arquata(Linnaeus) 224

C．鹬属Tringa Linnaeus,1758 226

62．红脚鹬Tringa totanus(Linnaeus) 227

63．青脚鹬Tringa nebularia(Gunnerus) 228

64．白腰草鹬Tringa ochropus Linnaeus 229

65．林鹬Tringa glareola Linnaeus 231

66．矶鹬Actitis hypoleucos Linnaeus 232

D．滨鹬属Calidris Merrem,1804 233

67．青脚滨鹬Calidris temminckii(Leisler) 234

（十六）鸥科Laridae 235

鸥属Larus Linnaeus,1758 235

68．西伯利亚银鸥Larus vegae Palmen 236

69．红嘴鸥Larus ridibundus Linnaeus 237

（十七）燕鸥科Sternidae 238

A．燕鸥属Sterna Linnaeus,1758 239

70．普通燕鸥Sterna hirundo Linnaeus 239

71．白额燕鸥Sterna albifrons(Pallas) 241

B．浮鸥属Chlidonias Rafinesque,1822 242

72．白翅浮鸥Chlidonias leucoptera(Temminck) 243

九、鸽形目Columbiformes 244

（十八）鸠鸽科Columbidae 244

A．鸽属Columba Linnaeus,1758 245

73．岩鸽Columba rupestris Pallas 245

B．斑鸠属Streptopelia Bonaparte,1855 247

74．山斑鸠Streptopelia orientalis(Latham) 247

75．珠颈斑鸠Streptopelia chinensis (Scopoli) 249

十、鹃形目Cuculiformes 250

（十九）杜鹃科Cuculidae 251

杜鹃属Cuculus Linnaeus,1758 251

76．四声杜鹃Cuculus micropterus Gould 251

77．大杜鹃Cuculus canorus Linnaeus 253

78．霍氏中杜鹃Cuculus horsfieldi Moore 254

79．小杜鹃Cuculus poliocephalus Latham 255

十一、鸮形目Strigiformes 257

（二十）鸱鸮科Strigidae 257

A．角鸮属Otus Pennant,1769 257

80．红角鸮Otus sunia(Linnaeus) 258

B．雕鸮属Bubo Dumeril,1806 259

81．雕鸮Bubo bubo(Linnaeus) 259

C．小鸮属Athene Boie,1822 261

82．纵纹腹小鸮Athene noctua(Scopoli) 261

D．耳鸮属Asio Brisson,1760 263

83．长耳鸮Asio otus(Linnaeus) 263

十二、佛法僧目Goraciiformes 265

（二十一）翠鸟科Alcedinidae 265

A．翠鸟属Alcedo Linnaeus,1758 265

84．普通翠鸟Alcedo atthis(Linnaeus) 266

B．翡翠属Halcyon Swainson,1820～1821 267

85．蓝翡翠Halcyon pileata(Boddaert) 267

十三、戴胜目Upupiformes 269

（二十二）戴胜科Upupidae 269

戴胜属Upupa Linnaeus,1758 269

86．戴胜Upupa epops Linnaeus 269

十四、形目Piciformes 271

（二十三）啄木鸟科Picidae 271

A．啄木鸟属Picoides Lacepede,1799 271

87．星头啄木鸟Picoides canicapillus(Blyth) 272

88．小星头啄木鸟Picoides kizuki(Temminck) 273

89．小斑啄木鸟Picoides minor(Linnaeus) 275

90．大斑啄木鸟Picoides major(Linnaeus) 276

B．绿啄木鸟属Picus Linnaeus,1758 278

91．灰头绿啄木鸟Picus canus Gmelin 278

十五、雀形目Passeriformes 280

（二十四）百灵科Alaudidae 281

A．百灵属Melanocorypha Boie,1828 282

92．蒙古百灵Melanocorypha mongolica(Pallas) 282

B．短趾百灵属Calandrella Kaup,1829 284

93．亚洲短趾百灵Calandrella cheleensis(Swinhoe) 284

C．凤头百灵属Galerida Boie,1828 285

94．凤头百灵Galerida cristata Linnaeus 286

D．云雀属Alauda Linnaeus,1758 287

95．云雀Alauda arvensis Linnaeus 287

（二十五）燕科Hirundinidae 289

A．岩燕属Ptyonoprogne Reichonbach,1850 289

96．岩燕Ptyonoprogne rupestris(Scopoli) 289

B．燕属Hirundo Linnaeus,1758 291

97．家燕Hirundo rustica Linnaeus 291

98．金腰燕Hirundo daurica Linnaeus 293

（二十六）鹡？科Motacillidae 294

A．山鹡？属Dendronanthus Blyth,1844 295

99．山鹡？Dendronanthus indicus(Gmelin) 295

B．鹡？属Motacilla Linnaeus,1758 297

100．白鹡？Motacilla alba Linnaeus 297

101．黑背白鹡？Motacilla lugens Gloger 299

102．黄头鹡？Motacilla citreola Pallas 300

103．黄鹡？Motacillaflava Linnaeus 302

（1）东北亚种Motacillaflava macronyx(Stresemann) 304

（2）堪察加亚种Motacilla flava similllma Hartert 304

104．灰鹡？Motacilla cinerea Tunstall 305

C．鹨属Anthus Bechstein,1805 307

105．田鹨Anthus richardi Vieillot 308

106．树鹨Anthus hodgsoni Richmond 310

107．红喉鹨Anthus cervinus(Pallas) 312

（二十七）太平鸟科Bombycillidae 313

太平鸟属Bombycilla Vieillot,1807 313

108．太平鸟Bombycilla garrulus(Linnaeus) 314

109．小太平鸟Bombycilla japonica(Siebold) 316

（二十八）伯劳科Laniidae 317

伯劳属Lanius Linnaeus,1758 317

110．虎纹伯劳Lanius tigrinus Drapiez 318

111．红尾伯劳Lanius cristatus Linnaeus 319

112．楔尾伯劳Lanius sphenocercus Cabanis 321

（二十九）黄鹂科Oriolidae 322

黄鹂属Oriolus Linnaeus,1766 323

113．黑枕黄鹂Oriolus chinensis Linnaeus 323

（三十）卷尾科Dicruridae 325

卷尾属Dicrurus Vieillot,1816 325

114．黑卷尾Dicrurus macrocercus Vieillot 325

（三十一）椋鸟科Sturnidae 327

椋鸟属Sturnus Linnaeus,1758 327

115．灰椋鸟Sturnus cineraceus Temminck 327

（三十二）鸦科Corvidae 329

A．松鸦属Garrulus Brisson,1760 330

116．松鸦Garrulus glandarius(Linnaeus) 330

B．灰喜鹊属Cyanopica Bonaparte,1850 331

117．灰喜鹊Cyanopica cyana(Pallas) 332

C．鹊属Pica Brisson,1760 333

118．喜鹊Picapica(Linnaeus) 333

D．星鸦属Nucifraga Brisson,1760 335

119．星鸦Nucifraga caryocatactes(Linnaeus) 335

E．山鸦属Pyrrhocorax Tunstall,1771 337

120．红嘴山鸦Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax(Linnaeus) 337

F．鸦属Corvus Linnaeus,1758 338

121．达乌里寒鸦Corvus dauuricus Pallas 339

122．秃鼻乌鸦Corvusfrugilegus Linnaeus 342

123．小嘴乌鸦Corvus corone Linnaeus 344

124．大嘴乌鸦Corvus macrorhynehos Wagler 345

125．渡鸦Corvus corax Linnaeus 347

（三十三）河乌科Cinclidae 349

河乌属Cinclus Borkhausen,1797 349

126．褐河乌Cinclus pallasii Temminck 349

（三十四）岩鹨科Prunellidae 351

岩鹨属Prunella Vieillot,1816 351

127．领岩鹨Prunella collaris(Scopoli) 351

128．棕眉山岩鹨Prunella montanella(Pallas) 353

（三十五）鸫科Turdidae 354

A．歌鸲属Luscinia Torster,1817 354

129．红喉歌鸲Luscinia calliope(Pallas) 355

130．蓝喉歌鸲Luscinia svecicus(Linnaeus) 357

131．蓝歌鸲Luscinia cyane(Pallas) 358

B．鸲属Tarsiger Hodgson,1844 360

132．红胁蓝尾鸲Tarsiger cyanurus(Pallas) 360

C．红尾鸲属Phoenicurus Forster,1817 362

133．北红尾鸲Phoenicurus auroreus(Pallas) 362

134．红腹红尾鸲Phoenicurus erythrogaster(Guldenstadt) 364

D．石？属Saxicola Bechstein,1802 366

135．黑喉石？Saxicola torquata(Linnaeus) 366

E．地鸫属Zoothera Vigors,1832 368

136．白眉地鸫Zoothera sibirica(Pallas) 368

137．虎斑地鸫Zoothera dauma(Latham) 370

F．鸫属Turdus Linnaeus,1758 372

138．灰背鸫Turdus hortulorum(Sclater) 372

139．赤颈鸫Turdus ruffcollis Pallas 373

（三十六）鹟科Muscicapidae 375

A．鹟属Muscicapa Brisson,1970 375

140．乌鹟Muscicapa sibirica Gmelin 375

141．北灰鹟Muscicapa dauurica 377

B．姬鹟属Ficedula Brisson,1760 379

142．白眉（姬）鹟Ficedula zanthopygia(Hay) 379

143．黄眉（姬）鹟Ficedula narcissina(Temminck) 381

144．红喉（姬）鹟Ficedula parva(Bechstein) 382

（三十七）画眉科Timaliidae 384

噪鹛属Garrulax Lesson,1831 384

145．山噪鹛Garrulax davidi(Swinhoe) 385

（三十八）鸦雀科Paradoxornithidae 386

鸦雀属Paradoxornis Gould,1836 386

146．棕头鸦雀Paradoxornis webbianus(G.R.Gray) 387

147．震旦鸦雀Paradoxornis heudei David 388

（三十九）莺科Sylviidae 390

A．苇莺属Acrocephalus Naumann,1811 390

148．黑眉苇莺Acrocephalus bistrigiceps(Swinhoe) 390

149．东方大苇莺Acrocephalus orientalis(Temminck et Schlegel) 392

B．柳莺属Phylloscopus Boie,1826 393

150．褐柳莺Phylloscopus fuscatus(Blyth) 394

151．棕眉柳莺Phylloscopus armandii(Milne-Edwards) 395

152．黄腰柳莺Phylloscopus proregulus(Pallas) 397

153．黄眉柳莺Phylloscopus inornatus(Blyth) 398

（四十）戴菊科Regulidae 399

戴菊属Regulus Cuvier,1800 400

154．戴菊Regulus regulus(Linnaeus) 400

（四十一）长尾山雀科Aegithalidae 401

长尾山雀属Aegithalos Hermann,1804 401

155．银喉长尾山雀Aepgithalos caudatus (Linnaeus) 402

（1）指名亚种Aegithalos caudatus caudatus(Linnaeus) 403

（2）华北亚种Aegithalos caudatus vinaceus(Verreaux) 403

（四十二）山雀科Paridae 404

山雀属Parus Linnaeus,1758 404

156．沼泽山雀Parus palustris Linnaeus 404

157．褐头山雀Parus songarus Severtzov 406

158．煤山雀Parus ater Linnaeus 407

159．大山雀Parus major linnaeus 408

（四十）？科Sittidae 410

？属Sitta Linnaeus,1758 410

160．普通？Sitta europaea Linnaeus 411

161．黑头？Sitta villosa Verreaux 412

（四十四）雀科Passeridae 414

麻雀属Passer Brisson,1760 414

162．（树）麻雀Passer montanus(Linnaeus) 414

（四十五）燕雀科Fringillidae 416

A．燕雀属Fringilla Linnaeus,1758 417

163．燕雀Fringilla montifringilla Linnaeus 417

B．岭雀属Leucostticte Swainson,1832 419

164．粉红腹岭雀Leucosticte arctoa(Pallas) 419

C．朱雀属Carpodacus Kaup,1829 421

165．红眉朱雀Carpodacus pulcherrimus(Moore) 421

166．［普通］朱雀Carpodacus erythrinus(Pallas) 423

167．北朱雀Carpodacus roseus (Pallas) 425

D．交嘴雀属Loxia Linnaeus,1758 426

168．红交嘴雀Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus 426

E．金翅［雀］属Carduelis Brisson,1760 428

169．白腰朱顶雀Carduelis flammea (Linnaeus) 428

170．黄雀Carduelis spinus Linnaeus 430

171．金翅雀Carduelis sinica Linnaeus 432

F．灰雀属Pyrrhula Brisson,1760 434

172．灰腹灰雀Pyrrhula griseiventris Lafresnare 434

G．锡嘴雀属Coccothraustes Brisson,1760 435

173．锡嘴雀Coccothraustes coccothraustes (Linnaeus) 435

H．蜡嘴雀属Eophona Gould,1851 437

174．黑头蜡嘴雀Eophona personata(Temminck et Schlegel) 438

175．黑尾蜡嘴雀Eophona migratoria Hartert 439

I．长尾雀属Uragus Keyserling et Blasius,1840 441

176．长尾雀Uragus sibiricus (Palias) 441

（四十六）？科Emberizidae 443

A．？属Emberiza Linnaeus 443

177．灰眉岩？Emberiza godlewskii Sushkin 444

178．三道眉草？Emberiza cioides Brandt 446

179．白眉？Emberiza tristrami Swinhoe 448

180．栗耳？Emberiza fucata Pallas 449

181．小？Emberiza pusilla Pallas 451

182．黄眉？Emberiza chrysophrys Pallas 452

183．田？Emberiza rustica Pallas 453

184．黄喉？Emberiza elegans Temminck 455

185．黄胸？Emberiza aureola Pallas 457

186．栗？Emberiza rutila Pallas 458

187．灰头？Emberiza spodocephala Pallas 460

188．苇？Emberiza pallasi Cabanis 461

189．芦？Emberiza schoeniclus(Linnaeus) 463

B．铁爪？属Calcarius Bechstein,1802 464

190．铁爪？Calcarius lapponicus Linnaeus 464

哺乳纲MAMMALIA 466

哺乳动物分类常用名词术语 466

一、食虫目Eulipotyphla 470

（一）猬科Erinaceidae 471

刺猬属Erinaceus Linnaeus,1758 471

1．东北刺猬Erinaceus amurensis Linnaeus,1758 471

二、翼手目Chiroptera 474

（二）蝙蝠科Vespertilionidae 475

A．伏翼属Pipistrellus Kaup,1829 475

2．东亚伏翼Pipistrellus abramus(Temminck,1835) 475

B．蝙蝠属Vespertilio Linnaeus,1758 478

3．东方蝙蝠Vespertilio superans(Thomas,1899) 478

三、兔形目Lagomorpha 480

（三）兔科Leporidae 480

兔属Lepus Linnaeus,1758 481

4．草兔Lepus capensis Linnaeus,1758 481

四、啮齿目Rodentia 484

（四）松鼠科Sciuridae 485

松鼠亚科Sciuridae 485

A．花鼠属Tamias Illger,1811 485

5．花鼠Tamias sibiricus(Laxmann,1769) 485

B．黄鼠属Spermophilus F.Cuvire,1825 488

6．达乌尔黄鼠Spermophilus dauricus Brandt,1844 488

（五）鼠科Muridae 492

A．姬鼠属Apodemus Kaup,1829 493

7．大林姬鼠Apodemus peninsulae(Thomas,1906) 493

8．黑线姬鼠Apodemus agrarius(Pallas,1771) 496

B．家鼠属Rattus Fischer,1803 498

9．褐家鼠Rattus norvegicus(Berkenhout,1769) 498

C．小鼠属Mus Linnaeus,1758 501

10．小家鼠Mus musculus Linnaeus,1758 501

（六）仓鼠科Cricetidae 504

仓鼠亚科Cricetinae 504

A．仓鼠属Cricetulus Milne-Edwards,1867 505

11．中国仓鼠Cricetulus griseus Milne-Edwards,1867 505

12．长尾仓鼠Cricetulus longicaudatus(Milne-Edwards,1867) 508

B．大仓鼠属Tscherskia Ognev,1914 510

13．大仓鼠Tscherskia triton(Winton,1899) 510

？亚科Arvicolinae 513

C．？属Myodes Tilesius,1850 513

14．棕背？Myodes rufocanus(Sundevall,1846) 513

D．田鼠属Microtus Schrank,1798 516

15．莫氏田鼠Microtus maximomiczii(Schrenck,1859) 517

16．布氏田鼠Microtus brandtiRadde,1861 520

17．棕色田鼠Microtus mandarinus(Milne-Edwards,1871) 522

18．狭颅田鼠Microtus gregalis(Pallas,1778) 525

沙鼠亚科Gerbillinae 527

E．沙鼠属Meriones Illiger,1811 528

19．长爪沙鼠Meriones unguiculatus(Milne-Edwards,1867) 528

（七）鼹形鼠科Spalacidae 531

鼢鼠属Myospalax Laxmann,1769 531

20．草原鼢鼠Myospalax aspalax(Pallas,1776) 531

21．东北鼢鼠Myospalax psilurus(Milne-Edwards,1874) 533

（八）跳鼠科Dipodidae 536

五趾跳鼠属Allactaga Cuvier,1836 536

22．五趾跳鼠Allactaga sibirica(Forster,1778) 537

五、食肉目Carnivora 539

（九）犬科Canidae 540

A．犬属Canis Linnaeus,1758 541

23．狼Canis lupus Linnaeus,1758 541

B．狐属Vulpes Oken,1816 544

24．赤狐Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus,1758 544

C．貉属Nyctereutes Temminck,1839 547

25．貉Nyctereutes procyonoides Gray,1834 547

（十）鼬科Mustelidae 550

A．鼬属Mustela Linnaeus,1758 551

26．黄鼬Mustela sibirica Pallas,1773 551

27．艾鼬Mustela eversmanni Lesson,1827 554

B．狗獾属Meles Brisson,1762 556

28．狗獾Meles meles(Linnaeus,1758) 557

C．猪獾属Arctonyx F.Cuvier,1825 560

29．猪獾Arctonyx collaris F.Cuvier,1825 560

（十一）猫科Felidae 563

A．兔狲属Otocolobus Brand,1481 564

30．兔狲Otocolobus manul Pallas,1776 564

B．豹猫属Prionailurus Severtzov,1858 566

31．豹猫Prionailurus bengalensis Kerr,1792 567

C．猞猁属Lynx Kerr,1792 569

32．猞猁Lynx lynx(Linnaeus,1758) 570

六、偶蹄目Artiodactyla 572

（十二）猪科Suidae 573

野猪属Sus Linnaeus,1758 573

33．野猪Sus scrofa Linnaeus,1758 573

（十三）鹿科Cervidae 576

A．鹿属Cervus Linnaeus,1758 577

34．马鹿Cervus elaphus Linnaeus,1758 577

B．狍属Capreolus Gray,1821 580

35．狍Capreolus pygargus Pallas,1771 580

（十四）牛科Bovidae 583

A．原羚属Procapra Hodgson,1846 584

36．黄羊Procapra gutturosa(Pallas,1777) 584

B．斑羚属Naemorhedus H.Smith,1827 587

37．斑羚Naemorhedus caudatus Milne-Edwards,1867 587

参考文献 591

中名索引 599

学名索引 608