初中英语听说训练PDF电子书下载

目录 1

Preface　前言 1

Part Ⅰ ENGLLSH PHONETICS　英语语音 1

Ⅰ Introduction导论 1

1．The Speech Organs发音器官 1

Table of Contents 1

2．Sounds　音素 2

3．Phonetic Symbols and International Phonetic Alphabet　音标和国际音标 2

4．Received Pronunciation　英语标准音 2

1．Vowels　元音 3

5．Intonation　语调 3

Ⅱ　GB and GA（General British and General American）　英国普通话和美国普通话 3

2．Consonants　辅音 5

3．Vocabulary　词汇 6

4．Word Stress　单词重音 6

5．The Weak Forms and Elision of Vowels　元音的弱化和省略 6

6．Rhythm and Rate　节奏和速度 7

Ⅲ　The English Alphabet　英语字母表 7

2）Classification of Pure Vowels　单元音的分类 9

1）Description of Pure Vowels　单元音的描述 9

1．Pure Vowels　单元音 9

Ⅳ　English Vowels　英语元音 9

3）Pronunciation of Pure Vowels　单元音的发音 10

①The Front Vowels 前元音［i：］,［i］,［e］,［？］ 10

②The Central Vowels 中元音［？：］,［？］,［？］ 11

③The Back Vowels 后元音［？：］,［？］,［？：］,［u ］ ［u：］ 11

2．Diphthongs 双元音 12

1）Close Diphthongs 合口双元音［ei］,［ai］,［？u］,［au］,［？i］ 12

3．Triphthongs 三元音［ei？］,［ai？］,［？u？］,［au？］,［？i？］ 13

2）Central Diphthongs 集中双元音［i？］,［？］,［？］,［u？］ 13

Ⅴ　English Consonants 英语辅音 15

1．Description of Consonants 辅音的描述 15

2．Classification of Consonants 辅音的分类 15

3．Pronunciation of Consonants 辅音的发音 16

1）Bilabial 双唇音［p］,［b］,［m］,［w］ 16

2）Labio-dental 唇齿音［f］,［v］ 17

3）Dental 齿音［？］,［？］ 17

4）Alveolar 齿龈音［t］,［d］,［n］,［l］,［s］,［z］,［ts］,［？］ 17

7）Palatal　硬腭音［j］ 18

8）Velar　软腭音［k］,［g］,［？］ 18

6）Palato-Alveolar　硬腭齿龈音［？］,［？］,［t？］,［？］ 18

5）Post-Alveolar 齿龈后部音［r］,［tr］,［dr］ 18

9）Glottal　声门音［h］ 19

Ⅵ Sentence Stress and Rhythm　句子重音和节奏 22

1．Sense Stress 表意重音 22

2．Logical Stress　逻辑重音 22

3．Emotional Stress　感情重音 23

4．Other Principles of Sentence Stress　句子重音的其它原则 23

1）Form Words Stressed in Certain Cases　虚词在某些情况下重读 23

2）Content Words Unstressed in Certain Cases　实词在某些情况下不重读 24

3）Stress in Compound Nouns　复合名词的重音 25

5．Rhythm　节奏 26

6．Influence of Rhythm Upon Stress　节奏对重音的影响 26

Ⅶ　Strong and Weak Forms　强式和弱式 28

1．Variety of Weak Form　弱化的形式 28

2．Strong Form Employed in Certain Cases　需要使用强式情况 30

Ⅷ　Assimilation　音的同化 31

1．Progressive Assimilation　顺行同化 31

2．Regressive Assimilation　逆行同化 32

3．Reciprocal Assimilation　相互同化 33

Ⅸ　Variants of Plosion　特殊爆破 34

3．Lateral Plosion　舌侧爆破（爆破音＋舌侧音） 35

1．Incomplete Plosion　不完全爆破（爆破音＋爆破音／破擦音／摩擦音） 35

2．Nasal Plosion　鼻腔爆破（爆破音＋鼻音） 35

Ⅹ　The Sense Group and Liaison　意群和连读 36

1．Sense Group　意群 36

2．Liaison　连读 36

1）Consonant-Vowel Liaison　辅音-元音连读 37

2）R-Vowel Liaison r-元音连读 37

3）Vowel-Vowel Liaison　元音-元音连读 37

4）Intrusive r插入音［r］ 37

5）［t］/［d］-［r］Liaison ［t］或［d］＋［r］的连读 38

2．The Structure of Intonation　语调的结构 39

Ⅺ　Intonation　语调 39

1．The Concept of Intonation　语调的基本概念 39

3．Diagrammatication of Intonation　语调图解 40

Ⅻ　The Falling Tone　降调 41

1．The Features of the Falling Tone　降调的特点 41

2．The Use of the Falling Tone　降调的用法 42

ⅩⅢ　The Rising Tone　升调 43

1．The Features of the Rising Tone　升调的特点 43

2．The Use of the Rising Tone　升调的用法 44

2．The Use of the Falling-Rising Tone　降升调的用法 46

ⅩⅣ　The Falling-Rising Tone　降升调 46

1．The Features of the Falling-Rising Tone降升调的特点 46

ⅩⅤ　The Tones of Various Sentences　语调在各类句型中的应用 47

1．Statements　陈述句 48

2．Questions　疑问句 49

3．Imperative Sentences　祈使句 49

4．Exclamations　感叹句 50

Part Ⅱ　EVERYDAY CONVERSATIONS　日常生活会话 51

Ⅰ Greetings　问候 51

Ⅱ Introductions　介绍 53

Ⅲ　Partings　道别 55

Ⅳ　Requests　请求 58

Ⅴ Invitations　邀请 60

Ⅵ　Time　时间 63

Ⅶ　Weather　天气 65

Ⅷ　Shopping　购物 67

Ⅸ　Seeing a Doctor　求医 70

Ⅹ　Asking for Directions　问路 72

Ⅺ　Food　饮食 75

Ⅻ　Study　学习 77

ⅩⅢ　Good Wishes and Congratulations　祝愿与祝贺 79

ⅪⅣ　Apologies and Thanks　道歉与致谢 82

Part Ⅲ　STORIES,ESSAYS AND LECTURES　故事、短文、讲座 85

Ⅰ All Changed 85

Einstein and Charlie Chaplin 88

Ⅱ　The Secret of Success 88

Mother！I Want to Go to the Lavatory！ 91

Ⅲ I AM NOT A BEAR！ 92

Dr Goller 95

Ⅳ　Nasreddin and the Poor Man 96

A Sad Story 99

Ⅴ Sell Your Ladder in Somebody Else s Garden？ 100

He Dines off Nothing 103

Ⅵ　The Hidden Treasure 104

The Big Pot and the Small Pot 107

Ⅶ　Food and Talk 108

How to Improve Your Study Habits 111

Ⅷ　Edison s Thinking Cap 113

Honesty 117

Ⅸ　The Garden of Eden 118

Education in the United States 122

Ⅹ　Happy New Year Around the World 124

Cat 128

Ⅺ　Life Without Electricity 129

The Killer Smog 133

Ⅻ　Volcanoes 134

Dr Robot 138

Appending Key to Exercises 140

Part Ⅳ VOA SPECIAL ENGLISH PROGRAMS 美国之音特别英语节目 146

Ⅰ Introduction to VOA Special English Programs 美国之音特别英语节目介绍 147

1．VOA News新闻节目 147

2．Special English Feature Programs Ⅰ 专题节目（一） 152

3．Special English Feature Programs Ⅱ 专题节目（二） 156

Ⅱ　The Structure of VOA Special English Newscast　美国之音特别英语广播新闻的结构 166

1．The Headline of the News 新闻导语 166

2．The Body of the News 新闻主体 168

Ⅲ Numbers in the VOA Special English Program　美国之音特别英语广播节目中的数字 170

Ⅳ The VOA Special Engl ish Program Schedule　美国之音特别英语广播节目时间表 172

Appending Tapescripts and Answer Key 录音文本与答案 174

Part Ⅴ CLASSROOM ENGLISH 英语课堂教学用语 184

Ⅰ Serving All Purposes 适用各种内容的用语 184

Ⅱ Starting or Ending an English Class 开始上课或下课 188

Ⅲ Teaching New Words and Expressions 教生词和短语 190

Ⅳ Teaching a New Text 教课文 192

Ⅴ Talking About a Picture 谈论图片 195

Ⅵ Teaching Phonetics 教语音 196

Ⅶ Teaching Grammar 教语法 198

Ⅷ Doing Oral Exercises 作口头练习 201

Ⅸ Doing Written Exercises 作书面练习 203

Ⅹ Assigning and Checking Homework 布置作业和检查作业 206

Ⅺ　Concerning Revision and Examinations　关于考试 208

Ⅻ　Concerning Audio-Visual Education　关于视听教育 209

Appending Useful Words and Expressions　附加词汇和表达法 211

Ⅰ School：Administration,Departments,Premises　学校：行政、部门、校舍 211

Ⅱ Subjects　学科 212

Ⅲ Stationery,Equipment　文具，设备 213

Ⅳ　Miscellany　其它 214

Part Ⅵ RESEARCH ON TEACHING LISTENINGAND SPEAKING　听说教学研讨 218

Ⅰ Inquiry Into the Laws and Methods of Teaching Listening　听力教学规律与方法探讨 218

Ⅱ On Principles and Activities Adopted in Teaching Speaking 口语教学规律与方法探讨 228

Bibliography 238

编者的话 240