生物医学工程及应用PDF电子书下载

1 Biomaterials in Drug Delivery 1

1.1 Introduction 1

Contents 1

1.2 Structure and Properties of Hydrogels 3

1.2.1 Equilibrium Swelling 5

1.2.2 Network Pore Size Calculation 10

1.3 Diffusion in Hydrogels 12

1.3.1 Macroscopic Analysis 13

1.3.2 Network Structural Effects 15

1.3.3 Experimental Determination of Diffusion Coefficients 20

1.4.1 Diffusion-Controlled Release Systems 23

1.4 Classifications 23

1.4.2 Swelling-Controlled Release Systems 25

1.4.3 Chemically Controlled Release Systems 26

1.4.4 Environmentally Responsive Systems 28

References 30

2 Drug Delivery Systems for Localized Treatment of Disease 33

2.1 Introduction 33

2.2 Drug Delivery Systems 33

2.2.1 Diffusion-Controlled Drug Delivery Devices 36

2.2.2 Water-Controlled Drug Delivery Devices 39

2.2.3 Chemically Controlled Drug Delivery Devices 40

2.2.4 Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems 41

2.3 Drug Delivery to the Lung 42

2.4 Bone Infection Treatment 44

2.5 Cancer Treatment 48

2.5.1 Intratumoral Versus Systemic Delivery 48

2.5.2 Liver Cancer 49

2.5.3 Neurological Cancer 51

2.5.4 Dermatological（Head and Neck/Skin）Cancer 52

2.5.5 Skeletal Cancer 53

2.5.6 Breast Cancer 54

2.6 Conclusions 55

Acknowledgement 56

References 56

3 Application of Protein Electrophoresis Techniques 61

3.1 　Introduction 61

3.2 Common E1ectrophoretic Systems for Separation and Characterization of Proteins 62

3.2.1　 Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis（PAGE） 63

3.2.2 Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis:SDS-PAGE 64

3.2.3 Other Common Electrophoretic Separation Techniques 68

3.3　 Protein Visualization:What You See Depends on How You Look 71

3.4 Variables of State with Respect to Protein Binding at a Material Surface 75

3.5　Some Recent Applications of Protein Electrophoresis in Biomaterials Science 79

3.6　Electrophoretic Characterization of the Interaction of Extracellular Matrix（ECM）Proteins with Glass Surfaces:A Case Study 81

3.6.1 Protein Binding 81

3.6.2 Analyses of Adsorbed Proteins:General Considerations 84

3.6.3 Analyses of Adsorbed Proteins from Several Types of G1asses Via SDS-PAGE and Native-PAGE 86

3.7 Conclusions 90

References 90

4 Xenoestrogens as Endocrine Disrupters 93

4.1 Introduction 93

4.2 Prevalence and Biological Effects 95

4.2.1 Classes of Xenoestrogens and Human Exposure 95

4.2.2 Xenoestrogens and Wildlife Reproduction 96

4.2.3 The Unfortunate Consequences of Human Exposure to DES 97

4.2.4 Xenoestrogens and Tumorigenesis 99

4.3 Mechanism of Action 100

4.3.1 Estrogen Receptors:Structure and Function 100

4.3.2 Agonistic and Antagonistic Actions 103

4.3.3 Metabolism and Genotoxicity 104

4.4 Bisphenol A:An Estrogenic Compound in Unexpected Places 105

4.4.1 BPA:Prevalence and Discovery of Estrogenicity 105

4.4.2 Binding Affinity and in Vitro Actions 107

4.4.3 Effects of BPA on Adult Animals 108

4.4.4 Developmental Effects of Xenoestrogens 112

4.5 Summary and Perspectives 114

References 114

5 Medical Devices 119

5.1 Research Management for the Development of Medical Devices 119

5.1.1 Introduction 119

5.1.2 A Multidisciplinary Approach to Medical Product Development 120

5.1.3 Constructive Medical Technology Assessment 121

5.1.4 Concurrent Engineering 123

5.2 Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices 124

5.2.1 Categories of Medical Devices 124

5.2.2 Animal Experiments 126

5.3 Applications 127

5.3.1 Mechanical Circulatory Support Systems 128

5.3.2 An Extendable Modular Endoprosthetic System for Bone Tumor Management in the Leg 140

5.3.3 The Groningen Temporomandibular Joint Prosthesis 145

5.3.4 Laryngeal Prosthesis 155

5.3.5 Tracheostoma Valves 171

5.3.6 Fixation of Tracheostoma Valves 177

5.3.7 Voice-Producing Prosthesis 184

References 189

Index 201