初中化学英文课本：中文注释PDF电子书下载

1 All about matterSolids,liquids and gases 1

The kinetic theory of matter 2

Explaining the states of matter 2

Changes of state 4

Diffusion-evidence for moving particles 7

Brownian motion 8

Checklist 9

Additional questions 10

2 Elements,compounds andmixturesElements 12

Atom-the smallest particles 13

Molecules 14

Compounds 15

More about formulae 16

Balancing chemical equations 16

Instrumental techniques 17

Mixtures 18

What is the difference between mixtures and compounds? 18

Checklist 20

Additional questions 21

3 Acids,bases andsaltsFormation of salts 22

Methods of preparing soluble salts 23

Methods of preparing insoluble salts 25

More about salts 25

Testing for different salts 26

Crystal hydrates 28

Calculation solubility 29

Solubility of salts in water 29

Calculation of water of crystallisation 29

Solubility curves 30

Checklist 31

Additional questions 32

4 Inorganic carbonchemistryLimestone 33

Direct uses of limestone 34

Indirect use of limestone 36

Sodium carbonates-an industrial chemical 38

Properties of carbonates 38

Carbonates and hydrogencarbonates 38

Carbon dioxide 39

Uses of carbon dioxide 40

Laboratory preparation of carbon dioxide gas 40

Properties of carbon dioxide gas 41

Checklist 43

Additional questions 44

With acid 47

5 Metal extraction and chemical reactivityMetal reaction 47

With air/oxygen 48

With water/steam 48

Using the reactivity series 49

Competition reactions in the solid state 49

Competition reactions in aqueous solutions 50

Recycling metals 51

Checklist 51

Additional questions 52

6 AtmosphereThe developing atmosphere 53

The structure of the atmosphere 55

The composition of the atmosphere 56

Fractional distillation of liquid air 57

Uses of the gases 58

Oxygen 58

Nitrogen 58

Noble gases 58

The water cycle 59

Pollution 60

Water pollution 61

Atmospheric pollution 63

Checklist 64

Additional questions 65

GCSE exam questions 66

Periodic table 74

Acknowledgements 76

Answers to numerial questions 76