美国大学英语写作 第9版PDF电子书下载

PART 1 Essay Writing 短文写作 1

1.An Introduction to Writing 2

Point and Support 3

Structure of the Traditional Essay 6

Benefits of Writing the Traditional Essay 11

Writing as a Skill 11

Writing as a Process of Discovery 12

Writing as a Way to Communicate with Others 13

Keeping a Journal 14

Review Activities 15

UsingThisText 17

2.The Writing Process 19

Prewriting 20

Writing a First Draft 28

Revising 30

Editing 31

Review Activities 34

3.The First and Second Steps in Essay Writing 46

Step 1： Begin with a Point， or Thesis 47

Step 2： Support the Thesis with Specific Evidence 56

Practice in Advancing and Supporting a Thesis 63

4.The Third Step in Essay Writing 79

Step 3： Organize and Connect the Specific Evidence 80

Introductions， Conclusions， and Titles 90

Practice in Organizing and Connecting Specific Evidence 98

5.The Fourth Step in Essay Writing 106

Revising Sentences 107

Editing Sentences 126

Practice in Revising Sentences 128

6.Four Bases for Revising Essays 140

Base 1： Unity 141

Base 2： Support 144

Base 3： Coherence 148

Base 4： Sentence Skills 151

Practice in Using the Four Bases 155

PART 2 Patterns of Essay Development 短文的分类和写作手法 169

7.Introduction to Essay Development 170

Important Considerations in Essay Development 171

Patterns of Essay Development 176

8.Description 178

READING Lou’s Place by Beth Johnson 188

9.Narration 199

READING The Yellow Ribbon by Pete Hamill 210

10.Exemplification 218

READING Dad by Andrew H.Malcolm 229

11.Process 238

READING How to Do Well on a Job Interview by Glenda Davis 247

12.Cause and/or Effect 256

READING Taming theAnger Monster by Anne Davidson 265

13.Comparison and/or Contrast 277

READING Born to Be Different？ by Camille Lewis 289

14.Definition 300

READING Television Addiction by Marie Winn 309

15.Division-Classification 321

READING WaitDivisions by Tom Bodett 330

16.Argument 339

READING Ban the Things.Ban Them All.by Molly Ivins 351

PART 3 Academic Writing 学术写作 359

17.Writing a Summary 360

How to Summarize an Article 361

How to Summarize a Book 370

18.Writing a Report 372

A Model Report 374

19.Writing a Research Paper 377

A Model Paper 391

PART 4 Handbook of Sentence Skills 句子写作技巧指南 403

SECTION I Grammar 404

20.Fragments 405

Dependent-Word Fragments 405

-ing and to Fragments 409

Added-Detail Fragments 411

Missing-Subject Fragments 413

21.Run-Ons 418

What Are Run-Ons？ 418

Three Ways to Correct Run-Ons 419

22.Misplaced Modifiers 429

23.Dangling Modifiers 433

SECTION Ⅱ Mechanics 438

24.Manuscript Form 439

25.Capital Letters 441

Main Uses of Capital Letters 441

Other Uses of Capital Letters 444

Unnecessary Use of Capitals 447

26.Numbers and Abbreviations 449

Numbers 450

Abbreviations 451

SECTION Ⅲ Punctuation 453

27.Apostrophe 454

Apostrophe in Contractions 455

Apostrophe to Show Ownership or Possession 456

28.Quotation Marks 461

Quotation Marks to Set Off the Words of a Speaker or Writer 461

Quotation Marks to Set Off Titles of Short Works 465

Other Uses of Quotation Marks 467

29.Comma 469

Six Main Uses of the Comma 469

30.Other Punctuation Marks 479

Colon（：） 479

Semicolon（；） 480

Dash（—） 480

Parentheses（） 481

Hyphen（-） 482

SECTION Ⅳ Effective Word Choice 484

31.Effective Word Choice 485

Slang 485

Clichés 487

Pretentious Words 489

PART 5 Readings for Writers 以阅读带动写作 493

Introduction to the Readings 494

The Format of Each Selection 494

How to Read Well： Four General Steps 495

How to Answer the Comprehension Questions： Specific Hints 497

Looking Inward 499

fom Self-Reliance Ralph Waldo Emerson 499

Three Passions Bertrand Russell 504

Shame Dick Gregory 508

I Became Her Target Roger Wilkins 515

Stepping into the Light Tanya Savory 522

A Hanging George Orwell 530

What Your Closet Reveals about You Amy Tan 537

Observing Others 544

The Professor Is a Dropout Beth Johnson 544

The Certainty of Fear Audra Kendall 554

What’s Wrong with Schools？ Teacher Plays Student，Learns to Lie and Cheat Casey Banas 561

Propaganda Techniques in Today’s Advertising Ann McClintock 567

Confronting Problems 577

Chief Seattle’s Speech of 1854 Chief Seattle 577

Single-Sex Schools： An Old Idea Whose Time Has Come Diane Urbina 585

Here’s to Your Health Joan Dunayer 592

How to Make It in College， Now That You’re Here Brian O’Keeney 598

College Lectures： Is Anybody Listening？ David Daniels 607

Reading Comprehension Chart 614

Credits 615