PART 1 Essay Writing 短文写作 1
1.An Introduction to Writing 2
Point and Support 3
Structure of the Traditional Essay 6
Benefits of Writing the Traditional Essay 11
Writing as a Skill 11
Writing as a Process of Discovery 12
Writing as a Way to Communicate with Others 13
Keeping a Journal 14
Review Activities 15
UsingThisText 17
2.The Writing Process 19
Prewriting 20
Writing a First Draft 28
Revising 30
Editing 31
Review Activities 34
3.The First and Second Steps in Essay Writing 46
Step 1： Begin with a Point， or Thesis 47
Step 2： Support the Thesis with Specific Evidence 56
Practice in Advancing and Supporting a Thesis 63
4.The Third Step in Essay Writing 79
Step 3： Organize and Connect the Specific Evidence 80
Introductions， Conclusions， and Titles 90
Practice in Organizing and Connecting Specific Evidence 98
5.The Fourth Step in Essay Writing 106
Revising Sentences 107
Editing Sentences 126
Practice in Revising Sentences 128
6.Four Bases for Revising Essays 140
Base 1： Unity 141
Base 2： Support 144
Base 3： Coherence 148
Base 4： Sentence Skills 151
Practice in Using the Four Bases 155
PART 2 Patterns of Essay Development 短文的分类和写作手法 169
7.Introduction to Essay Development 170
Important Considerations in Essay Development 171
Patterns of Essay Development 176
8.Description 178
READING Lou’s Place by Beth Johnson 188
9.Narration 199
READING The Yellow Ribbon by Pete Hamill 210
10.Exemplification 218
READING Dad by Andrew H.Malcolm 229
11.Process 238
READING How to Do Well on a Job Interview by Glenda Davis 247
12.Cause and/or Effect 256
READING Taming theAnger Monster by Anne Davidson 265
13.Comparison and/or Contrast 277
READING Born to Be Different？ by Camille Lewis 289
14.Definition 300
READING Television Addiction by Marie Winn 309
15.Division-Classification 321
READING WaitDivisions by Tom Bodett 330
16.Argument 339
READING Ban the Things.Ban Them All.by Molly Ivins 351
PART 3 Academic Writing 学术写作 359
17.Writing a Summary 360
How to Summarize an Article 361
How to Summarize a Book 370
18.Writing a Report 372
A Model Report 374
19.Writing a Research Paper 377
A Model Paper 391
PART 4 Handbook of Sentence Skills 句子写作技巧指南 403
SECTION I Grammar 404
20.Fragments 405
Dependent-Word Fragments 405
-ing and to Fragments 409
Added-Detail Fragments 411
Missing-Subject Fragments 413
21.Run-Ons 418
What Are Run-Ons？ 418
Three Ways to Correct Run-Ons 419
22.Misplaced Modifiers 429
23.Dangling Modifiers 433
SECTION Ⅱ Mechanics 438
24.Manuscript Form 439
25.Capital Letters 441
Main Uses of Capital Letters 441
Other Uses of Capital Letters 444
Unnecessary Use of Capitals 447
26.Numbers and Abbreviations 449
Numbers 450
Abbreviations 451
SECTION Ⅲ Punctuation 453
27.Apostrophe 454
Apostrophe in Contractions 455
Apostrophe to Show Ownership or Possession 456
28.Quotation Marks 461
Quotation Marks to Set Off the Words of a Speaker or Writer 461
Quotation Marks to Set Off Titles of Short Works 465
Other Uses of Quotation Marks 467
29.Comma 469
Six Main Uses of the Comma 469
30.Other Punctuation Marks 479
Colon（：） 479
Semicolon（；） 480
Dash（—） 480
Parentheses（） 481
Hyphen（-） 482
SECTION Ⅳ Effective Word Choice 484
31.Effective Word Choice 485
Slang 485
Clichés 487
Pretentious Words 489
PART 5 Readings for Writers 以阅读带动写作 493
Introduction to the Readings 494
The Format of Each Selection 494
How to Read Well： Four General Steps 495
How to Answer the Comprehension Questions： Specific Hints 497
Looking Inward 499
fom Self-Reliance Ralph Waldo Emerson 499
Three Passions Bertrand Russell 504
Shame Dick Gregory 508
I Became Her Target Roger Wilkins 515
Stepping into the Light Tanya Savory 522
A Hanging George Orwell 530
What Your Closet Reveals about You Amy Tan 537
Observing Others 544
The Professor Is a Dropout Beth Johnson 544
The Certainty of Fear Audra Kendall 554
What’s Wrong with Schools？ Teacher Plays Student，Learns to Lie and Cheat Casey Banas 561
Propaganda Techniques in Today’s Advertising Ann McClintock 567
Confronting Problems 577
Chief Seattle’s Speech of 1854 Chief Seattle 577
Single-Sex Schools： An Old Idea Whose Time Has Come Diane Urbina 585
Here’s to Your Health Joan Dunayer 592
How to Make It in College， Now That You’re Here Brian O’Keeney 598
College Lectures： Is Anybody Listening？ David Daniels 607
Reading Comprehension Chart 614
Credits 615