Part One:A General Introduction to English Writing 1
Ⅰ:The Importance of Writing 3
Ⅱ:Types of Writing 5
1.Narration 6
2.Description 9
3.Exposition 13
Ⅲ.Writing Well 19
1.Writing for Your Readers 19
2.Good Writing 20
Part Two :From Sentence to Paragraph 47
Ⅰ:Sentence Sturceure 49
1.Elements of a Sentence 50
2.Variety in Sentences 53
Kinds of Sentences 54
Clause Connectors 55
Coordination and Subordination 61
3.Parallelism 72
Ⅱ:Paragraph Structure 85
1.The Basic Paragraph 85
2.Four Elements of the Paragraph 87
3.Mechanics in Writing a Paragraph 90
Ⅲ.Basic Paragraph-Building Skills 95
1.Taking Four Pre-Writing Steps 95
2.Making Your Topic Sentence a Helpful Guide 102
3.Loading Your Topic Septence With a Strong Controlling Idea 123
4.Writing a Helpful Outline in Advance 132
5.Gaining Unity 148
6.Gaining Coherence From Logical Order 160
7.Gaining Coherence From Transitions 171
8.Gaining Better Unity and Coherence From Punctration 187
Ⅳ:Sentence Problems 213
1.Sentence Fragments 213
Fragments Without Verbs 213
Fragments Without Subjects 214
Fragments Without Subjects or Verbs 215
Fragments Without of Dependent Clauses 216
2.Choppy Sentences 219
3.Run-Together Sentences 221
4.Stringy Sentences 224
5.Confusing Shifts 226
Confusing Shifts in Person 227
Confusing Shifts in Tense 228
Confusing Shifts in Subject and Voice 229
Confusing Shifts in Mood or Speech 230
Confusing Shifts in Number 232
Confusing Shifts Construction 232
6.Incomplete Consturction 237
Careless Omissions 237
Incomplete Comparisons 239
7.Ambiguous Pronoun Reference 242
A Pronoun with Two or More Possible Antecedents 242
A Pronoun Without Clearly Expressed Antecednts 243
The Pronouns It,They,and You with Indefinite Antecedents 244
The Pronouns This,That and Which Referring to General Ideas 245
A Pronoun Too Far Away from Its Antecedent 246
8.Dangling Modifiers 249
Dangling Participial Modifiers 249
Dangling Gerunds in Prepositional Phrases 251
Dangling Infinitive Modifiers 251
Dangling Abbreviated Clauses 252
Misplaced Prepositional Phrases 256
9.Misplaced Modifiers 256
Misplaced Adjective Clauses 257
Misplaced Adverbial Modifiers 258
10.Wordiness 261
Needless Repetition 261
Needless Expansion 263
Overwritten Style 264
Correction Symbols 268
Partial Answers To Exercises 270