《物理学词典 粒子物理学分册》PDF下载

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  • 作  者:刘连寿等编
  • 出 版 社:北京:科学出版社
  • 出版年份:1982
  • ISBN:17031·151
  • 页数:204 页
图书介绍:

第一部分 总论 1

基本粒子elementary particle 1

反粒子antiparticle 1

名词目录 1

共振态resonance 2

费密子fermion 2

玻色子boson 2

光子photon 2

轻子lepton 3

μ子muon 3

重光子heavy photon 3

电子electron 4

正电子positron 4

中微子neutrino 4

重轻子heavy lepton 4

强子hadron 6

重子baryon 6

核子nucleon 6

质子proton 6

中子neutron 6

级联超子cascade hyperon 7

超子hyperon 7

反质子antiproton 7

反中子antineutron 7

奇异粒子strange particle 7

Λ粒子lambda particle 8

Σ粒子sigma particle 8

Ξ粒子ksi particle 10

?-粒子omega minus particle 11

△粒子delta particle 11

介子meson 11

π介子pion 13

k介子kaon 13

矢介子vector meson 13

赝标介子pseudoscalar meson 13

ω介子omega meson 14

ψ介子phi meson 14

η介子eta meson 14

ρ介子rho meson 14

新粒子new particle 15

J/ψ粒子J/psi particle 15

粲粒子charmed particle 16

γ粒子upsilon particle 17

夸克quark 18

胶子gluon 20

中间矢量玻色子intermediate vector boson(IVB) 20

电子偶素positronium 21

μ子素muonium 21

夸克偶素quarkonium 21

粲子偶素charmonium 22

重子偶素baryonium 22

反常核态abnormal nuclear state 23

孤子soliton 24

玻密子pomeron 24

瞬子instanton 25

半子meron 26

磁单极子magnetic monopole 26

双荷子dyon 27

引力子graviton 27

引力微子gravitino 27

快子tachyon 28

群group 28

子群subgroup 28

李群Lie group 29

直积群direct product group 29

一般线性群general linear group 29

非齐次洛伦兹群inhomogeneous Lorentz group 30

群表示group representation 30

不可约表示irreducible representation 31

直积表示representation of direct product 32

伴随表示adjoint representation 32

生成元generator 32

结构常数structure constant 33

李代数Lie algebra 33

韦耳标准基Weyl standard basis 33

根图root diagram 34

卡西米尔算子Casimir operator 34

张量积约化reduction of tensor product 34

权图weight diagram 35

杨图Young diagram 36

嵌入embedding 37

量子场论quantum field theory 38

量子电动力学quantum electrodynamics(QED) 38

量子味动力学quantum flavordynamics(QFD) 38

量子色动力学quantum chromodynamics(QCD) 39

点阵规范理论lattice gauge theory 40

弱电统一理论weak electromagnetic unified theory 40

规范场论gauge field theory 40

大统一理论grand unified theory(GUT) 41

超对称性理论supersymmetry theory 42

超引力理论supergravity theory 42

非线性场论nonlinear field theory 43

非线性σ模型nonlinear sigma model 43

非定域场论nonlocal field theory 43

旋量统一场论spinor unified field theory 44

靴袢理论bootstrap theory 44

时空量子化space-time quantization 45

超选择规则superselection rule 45

自然单位natural units 46

第二部分 粒子物理实验方法 47

高压加速器high voltage accelerator 47

电子直线加速器electron linear accelerator(linac) 47

质子直线加速器proton linear accelerator 47

电子感应加速器betatron 47

稳相加速器phasotron 48

同步加速器synchrotron 48

电子同步加速器electron synchrotron 49

质子同步加速器proton synchrotron 49

强聚焦同步加速器strong-focusing synchrotron 50

分离作用强聚焦系统separate function strong focusing system 51

预注入器preinjector 51

注入器injector 51

负离子注入negative ion injection 52

增强器booster 52

对撞机colliding beam machine 52

存储环storage ring 53

交叉存储环intersecting storage ring(ISR) 54

反质子累积环antiproton accumulator(AA)ring 54

束流beam current 55

超导加速器superconducting accelerator 55

中子存储环neutron storage ring 55

亮度luminosity 56

束流冷却beam coolirg 56

靶target 56

径迹track 56

本底计数background counting 57

正比室proportional chamber 57

液氙正比室liquid xenon proportional chamber 57

闪烁计数器scintillation counter 57

晶体球crystal ball 57

半导体探测器semiconductor detector 58

簇射计数器shower counter 58

契伦科夫计数器Cerenkov counter 58

超导探测器superconducting detector 59

穿越辐射探测器transition radiation detector 59

计数器描迹仪counter hodoscope chamber 59

飞行时间谱仪time-of-flight spectrometer 59

单臂谱仪single-arm spectrometer 60

双臂谱仪double-arm spectrometer 60

多粒子谱仪multiparticle spectrometer 61

量能器calorimeter 61

核乳胶nuclear emulsion 61

多板云室multiplate cloud chamber 62

泡室bubble chamber 62

乳胶叠emulsion stack 62

扩散云室diffusion cloud chamber 62

云室cloud chamber 62

氢泡室hydrogen bubble chamber(HBC) 63

重液泡室heavy liquid bubble chamber(HLBC) 63

径迹灵敏靶track sensitive target(TST) 63

氖闪光管neon flash tube 64

火花室spark chamber 64

多板火花室multiplate spark chamber 64

流光室steamer chamber 65

丝火花室wire spark chamber 65

投影火花室projection spark chamber 65

多丝正比室multiwire proportional chamber(MWPC) 66

漂移室drift chamber 66

时间投影室time projection chamber(TPC) 67

触发trigger 67

形成实验和产生实验formation experiment andproduction experiment 68

不变质量invariant mass 68

共振峰resonance peak 68

狄克机制Deck mechanism 70

阿根图Argand diagram 70

拓扑截面topological cross section 71

遍举过程与非遍举过程exclusive process and inclusive process 71

丢失质量missing mass 71

n叉事件n-prong event 72

多重数multiplicity 72

带头粒子leading particle 72

纵向相空间分析longitudinal phase space(LPS)analysis 72

贝略图Peyrou plot 73

海鸥效应sea-gull effect 74

达里兹图Dalitz plot 75

邱-骆图Chew-Low plot 76

冲度thrust 77

球度(球性)spherocity(sphericity) 77

离面度acoplanarity 78

瞬发轻子prompt lepton 79

倾束实验beam dump experiment 79

蒙特-卡洛方法Monte-Carlo method 79

参数化parametrization 79

置信水平与标准偏差confidence level and standard deviation 80

数据处理和分析data-handling and data analysis 80

质量谱mass spectrum 82

质量mass 82

第三部分 粒子的特性与结构 82

裸质量bare mass 83

平均寿命mean life 83

衰变方式decay modes 84

衰变百分数与分支比decay fraction and branching ratio 84

分数电荷实验fractional charge experiment 84

自旋spin 85

宇称parity 85

θ-τ疑难theta-tau puzzle 86

重子数baryon number 86

电子轻子数和μ子轻子数 electron lepton number and muon lepton number 87

轻子数lepton number 87

同位旋isospin 88

奇异数strangeness 88

超荷hypercharge 89

盖尔曼-西岛关系GellMann-Nishijima relation 89

粲数charm 89

幺旋unitary spin 90

电荷共轭和电荷字称(c宇称)charge conjugation and charge parity(c-parity) 90

G共轭和G宇称G-conjugation and Gparity 90

弱荷weak charge 91

弱同位旋和弱超荷weak isospin and weak hypercharge 91

螺旋度helicity 92

色colour 93

人工色technicolour 94

味flavor 94

拓扑荷topological charge 95

形状因子form factor 95

弱形状因子weak form factor 95

结构函数structure function 96

费密-杨模型Fermi-Yang model 97

坂田模型Sakata model 97

中微子统一模型neutrino unified model 97

八重法eight fold way 98

幺正对称理论unitary symmetry theory 98

φ-ω混合phi-omega mixing 99

八重态octet 99

十重态decuplet(decimet) 100

奇特态exotic state 101

色化学colour chemistry 101

层子模型straton model 101

夸克囚禁quark confinement 102

袋模型bag model 102

势模型potential model 103

弦模型string model 104

夸克对产生模型quark-paircreation(QPC)model 105

弦-结模型string-junction model 105

部分子模型parton model 106

夸克-部分子模型quark-parton model(QPM) 106

部分子分布函数parton distribution function 106

等效光子近似effective photon approximation(EPA) 107

无限动量系infinite momentum frame 108

第四部分 粒子运动学与动力学 109

度规metric 109

碰撞过程的参考系reference frames for collision processes 110

相空间phase space 111

不变截面invariant cross section 111

散射截面scattering cross section 111

反应道reaction channel 111

运动学反射kinematical reflection 112

孟德尔斯坦变量 Mahdelstam variables 112

交叉对称crossing symmetry 113

物理区域physical region 113

快度rapidity 114

散射角scattering angle 114

角分布angular distribution 114

二粒子关联two-particle correlation 115

垂曼-杨角Treiman-Yang angle 116

托勒角Toller angle 117

强相互作用strong interaction 117

超强相互作用superstrong interaction 118

电磁相互作用electromagnetic interaction 118

弱相互作用weak interaction 119

超弱相互作用superweak interaction 119

引力相互作用gravitational interaction 119

有效相互作用effective interaction 120

耦合常数coupling constant 120

赝标量耦合与赝矢量耦合pseudoscalar coupling and pseudove-ctor coupling 121

真空态vacuum state 121

汤川型耦合Yukawa-type coupling 121

裸粒子与物理粒子bare particle and physical particle 122

束缚态bound state 122

梯近似ladder approximation 122

树图tree graph 123

数方次定理power counting theorem 123

兹外规则Zweig rule 124

弹性散射和非弹性散射elastic scattering and inelastic scat-tering 125

硬过程和软过程hard process and soft process 125

幺正限unitarity limit 126

广义光学定理generalised optical theorem 126

弗洛萨特限Froissart bound 127

轻子对强子的深度非弹性散射lepton-hadron deep inelastic scattering 127

高能电子-正电子碰撞high energy electron-positron colli-sion 127

双光子过程two-photon process 129

标度无关性scaling 130

凯兰-格洛斯关系Callan-Grossrelation 131

定域二重性local duality 132

标度无关性破坏scaling violation 132

矢量为主模型vector dominance model(VDM) 134

衍射散射diffraction scattering 134

介子光生 meson photoproduction 134

衍射分解diffraction dissociation 135

衍射产生diffractive production 136

雷吉极点与雷吉轨迹Regge pole and Regge trajectory 136

雷吉现象学Regge phenomenology 137

女儿daughter 137

二重性模型dual model 138

雷吉子场论Reggeon field theory(RFT) 138

边缘碰撞peripheral collision 140

多重边缘碰撞multiperipheral collision 140

多重产生multiparticle production 140

火球模型fire-ball model 141

定域电荷平衡local compensation of charge(LCC) 141

KNO标度无关性KNO scaling 142

费曼标度无关性Feynman scaling 142

极限碎裂假设limiting fragmentation hypothesis 143

重组合模型recombination model 144

大横动量强子-强子碰撞high transverse momentum hadron-hadron collision 145

硬散射模型hard-scattering model 147

组成子交换模型constituent interchange model(CIM) 148

数量纲律dimensional counting rule 148

坠尔-颜机制Drell-Yan mechanism 149

因子化factorization 149

喷注jet 150

纯轻子过程purely leptonic process 152

半轻子过程semileptonic process 152

强子弱过程hadronic weak process 152

胶子喷注gluon jet 152

中微子实验neutrino experiment 153

费密弱作用理论Fermi weak interaction theory 153

费兹重排列定理Fierz reordering theorem 154

V-A理论V-A theory 154

手征不变性chirality invariance 155

质量倒逆不变性nass reversal invariance 155

中间矢量玻色子假设intermediate vector boson(IVB)hypot-hesis 155

流-流相互作用current-current interaction 156

卡比玻普适性Cabibbo universality 156

守恒矢量流理论conserved vector current(CVC)theory 157

轴矢流部分守恒partial conservation of axial vector curr-ent(PCAC) 157

软πsoft pion 158

手征对称chiral symmetry 158

流代数current algebra 158

求和规则sum rule 159

阿德勒-韦斯伯格关系Adler-Weisberger relation 160

哥德伯格-垂曼关系Goldberger-Treiman relation 160

中性流neutral current 160

cP破坏cP violation 162

GIM模型GIM model 162

K°-?°复合体系K°-?°complex 163

杨-米尔斯场Yang-Mills field 164

对称性自发破缺spontaneous symmetry breaking 165

规范等级问题gauge hierarchy problem 165

哥德斯通定理Goldstone theorem 166

希格斯机制Higgs mechanism 166

温伯格-萨拉姆模型Weinberg-Salam model 166

阿德勒反常Adler anomaly 167

标度量纲scale dimension 168

标度不变性scale invariance 168

保形不变性conformal invariance 169

算符乘积展开operator product expansion(OPE) 170

光锥流代数light-cone current algebra 170

法捷耶夫-波波夫场Fadeev-Popov field 171

鬼ghost 172

单粒子不可约图one-particle-irreducible(1PI)diagram 172

重整化群renormalization group 172

凯兰-习曼吉克方程Callan-Symanzik cquation 172

渐近自由asymptotic freedom 173

红外奴役infrared slavery 174

e真空theta vacuum 174