Section A-Cells and macromolecules 1
A1 Cellular classification 1
A2 Subcellular organelles 4
A3 Macromolecules 7
A4 Large macromolecular assemblies 11
Section B-Protein structure 15
B1 Amino acids 15
B2 Protein structure and function 18
B3 Protein analysis 25
Section C-Properties of nucleic acids 31
C1 Nucleic acid structure 31
C2 Chemical and physical properties of nucleic acids 36
C3 Spectroscopic and thermal properties of nucleic acids 40
C4 DNA supercoiling 43
Section D-Prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosome structure 47
D1 Prokaryotic chromosome structure 47
D2 Chromatin structure 49
D3 Eukaryotic chromosome structure 54
D4 Genome complexity 59
Section E-DNA replication 63
E1 DNA replication:an overview 63
E2 Bacterial DNA replication 68
E3 Eukaryotic DNA replication 72
Section F-DNA damage,repair and recombination 77
F1 Mutagenesis 77
F2 DNA damage 81
F3 DNA repair 84
F4 Recombination 87
Section G-Gene manipulation 91
G1 DNA cloning:an overview 91
G2 Preparation of plasmid DNA 96
G3 Restriction enzymes and electrophoresis 99
G4 Ligation,transformation and analysis of recombinants 104
Section H-Cloning vectors 111
H1 Design of plasmid vectors 111
H2 Bacteriophage vectors 115
H3 Cosmids and YACs 120
H4 Eukaryotic vectors 124
Section I-Gene libraries and screening 129
I1 Genomic libraries 129
I2 cDNA libraries 132
I3 Screening procedures 137
Section J-Analysis and uses of cloned DNA 141
J1 Characterization of clones 141
J2 Nucleic acid sequencing 146
J3 Polymerase chain reaction 150
J4 Organization of cloned genes 154
J5 Mutagenesis of cloned genes 158
J6 Applications of cloning 162
Section K-Transcription in prokaryotes 165
K1 Basic principles of transcription 165
K2 Escherichia coli RNA polymerase 168
K3 The E.coliσ70 promoter 170
K4 Transcription initiation,elongation and termination 173
Section L-Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes 179
L1 The lac operon 179
L2 The trp operon 183
L3 Transcriptional regulation by alternativeσfactors 187
Section M-Transcription in eukaryotes 191
M1 The three RNA polymerases:characterizationand function 191
M2 RNA Pol Ⅰgenes:the ribosomal repeat 193
M3 RNA Pol Ⅲ genes:5S and tRNA transcription 197
M4 RNA Pol Ⅱ genes:promoters and enhancers 201
M5 General transcription factors and RNA Pol Ⅱ initiation 203
Section N-Regulation of transcription in eukaryotes 207
N1 Eukaryotic transcription factors 207
N2 Examples of transcriptional regulation 213
Section O-RNA processing and RNPs 219
O1 rRNA processing and ribosomes 219
O2 tRNA processing,RNase P and ribozymes 225
O3 mRNA processing,hnRNPs and snRNPs 228
O4 Alternative mRNA processing 234
Section P-The genetic code and tRNA 237
P1 The genetic code 237
P2 tRNA structure and function 241
Section Q-Protein synthesis 247
Q1 Aspects of protein synthesis 247
Q2 Mechanism of protein synthesis 251
Q3 Initiation in eukaryotes 257
Q4 Translational control and post-translational events 261
Section R-Bacteriophages and eukaryotic viruses 265
R1 Introduction to viruses 265
R2 Bacteriophages 269
R3 DNA viruses 274
R4 RNA viruses 278
Section S-Tumor viruses and oncogenesb 283
S1 Oncogenes found in tumor viruses 283
S2 Categories of oncogenes 287
S3 Tumor suppressor genes 290
Further reading 295
Index 299