第一部分 英语语法要点 3
1.英语和汉语对“不可数”理解不一 3
2.用数量词来数不可数名词 3
3.同一名词因“数”的概念不同而有不同的意义 4
4.相应的不可数和可数名词 6
5.只用作复数的名词 7
6.单复数形式分别表示不同意义的名词 7
7.某些特殊变形的名词 8
8.固定结构中的复数名词 9
9.修饰名词的“多”与“少” 10
10.以-s结尾的名词 10
11.有of和- s表示名词所有格 11
12.住处和店铺上的- s 13
13.一个 s和两个 s 14
14.代词的排列 14
15.代词“反客为主”的现象 15
16.无人称it 15
17.作名词用的所用格代词 16
18.物主代词与own合用 17
19.两种反身代词oneself 18
20.each other和one another 19
21.疑问词what和which 19
22.疑问词who和whom 20
23.不定代词one和ones 20
24.不定代词somebody和something等 21
25.不定代词some和any 22
26.some people和some of the people 23
27.不定代词each, every one 和everyone 24
28.不定代词nobody, no one 和none 24
29.不定代词both, either和neither 26
30.不定代词all 27
31.有关other 28
32.a little, little, a few, few 29
33.表示事物类别的冠词 30
34.“the+形容词”表示某一类人 30
35.序数词前的冠词 31
37.习惯用语中的冠词 32
36.几种必须用冠词的情况 32
38.基数词和序数词 34
39.hundred, thousand, million 和billion 34
40.分数的读法 35
41.小数的读法 35
42.百分数表达法 36
43.“大于”和“小于” 36
44.数词用于日期、时间、年龄等的表达法 37
45.以a-开始的形容词 38
46.以-ly结尾的形容词 39
47.某些只作表语用的形容词 39
48.某些形容词作定语和作表语意义不同 40
49.几组同根形容词 41
51.副词ago和before 43
50.形容词other和else 43
52.修饰整个句子的副词 44
53.一些常用词兼作形容词和副词 45
54.同根且同义的副词 46
55.同根而不同义的副词 47
56.just now 和just then 49
57.表示“非常”，“相当”的副词 50
58.already, yet和still 52
59.almost和nearly 53
60.so和such 54
61.似无意义的ever 55
62.副词however,therefore,thus,besides等 56
63.双音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 57
64.形容词和副词的不规则变化 58
65.不作比较的形容词和副词 59
66.基本比较结构 60
67.比较结构中应注意的问题 61
68.用不同的句式表示“最……” 62
69.比较结构中的修饰词 63
70.no more...than和 not more...than 64
71.并非表示比较的比较结构 65
72.问答中的must和may 65
73.must两种解释，两种用法 66
74.can和be able to 67
75.may和can 67
76.could, might和would 69
78.used to 和would 70
77.shall和will 70
79.兼作情态动词和实义动词的need和dare 72
80.would rather和had better 73
81.情态动词的进行式和完成式 74
82.及物动词和不及物动词 76
83.连系动词 77
84.规则动词变形分类 79
85.不规则动词变形分类 80
86.动词词组 86
87.一般现在时和现在进行时 88
88.表示将来行为的时态 89
89.一般过去时和现在完成时 90
90.瞬时动词和时间状语 91
91.一般过去时和过去完成时 93
92.将来完成时 94
93.时态的连续 95
94.被动语态可用于各种时态 96
95.不及物动词和词组不能构成被动语态 97
96.及物动词并非都能构成被动语态 98
97.既可用于主动语态又可用于被动语态的动词 99
98.动词词组构成被动语态 100
99.对应的近义词或词组分别用于主动语态和被动语态 101
100.带双宾语动词的被动语态 102
101.被动语态中作补语的分词和不定式 103
102.不用被动语态却有被动含义的情况 105
103.没有被动含义的被动形式 105
104.表示主观意识的虚拟语气 106
105.表示愿望的虚拟语气 109
106.非真实条件句 110
107.条件句的倒装形式 111
108.省略形式的虚拟条件句 111
109.as if 和even if 引导的从句 112
110.It is time和I would rather后的从句 113
111.由it引导的不定式 114
112.作表语的不定式 115
113.疑问词和不定式连用 116
114.不定式符号to在补语中的省略 117
115.使役动词和不定式 118
117.作定语的不定式 119
116.在but, except后的不定式 119
118.作状语的不定式 120
119.两种too...to结构 122
120.不定式的被动式 123
121.不定式的完成式和进行式 124
122.不定式的逻辑主语 125
123.做主语的动名词和不定式 127
124.介词后接动名词 128
125.某些动词后只接动名词作宾语 130
126.某些动词后接动名词或不定式意思基本相同 131
127.某些动词后接动名词或不定式意思基本不同 133
128.某些名词后的of doing 和to do 134
129.作状语的for doing和to do 136
130.动名词的逻辑主语 136
131.动名词的否定式，被动式和完成式 138
132.表示心理和情感的两种分词 139
133.分词的特征--主动进行或被动完成 140
134.分词短语和定语从句 141
135.作状语用的分词短语 143
136.分词的逻辑主语 144
137.see, hear等充当宾语补足语的分词和不定式 146
138.使役动词keep, get, leave等后面的分词 146
139.like, want, order等后面的不定式和过去分词 147
140.使役动词have后的不定式或分词 148
141.分词和不定式作定语时表示不同的时间概念 149
142.分词的完成式 150
143.作状语的三种形式--to do, doing和for doing 151
144.表示时间关系的介词比较 152
145.表示位置的介词的比较 154
146.表示动作方向的介词比较 155
147.注意同一名词前的不同介词 156
148.注意某些介词搭配与汉语习惯的差异 157
149.apart from, besides, except和except for 158
150.介词短语和从句 159
151.介词后置 160
152.介词后的从句 160
153.主语后的介词短语不能改变主语的特性 162
154.由and连接的主语与谓语的关系 163
155.主谓一致中的邻近原则 164
156.集合名词作主语时可以有两种主谓一致 164
158.反意疑问句 165
157.由all或what引导的主语和谓语的关系 165
159.以Let s和Let us开始的祈使句 168
160.两种感叹句 168
161.祈使句后接用and或or并列句 170
162.四个“因为”的选择 170
163.不能连用于一个句中的连词 171
164.表示时间的状语从句 172
165.so that和so...that 174
166. “no matter+疑问句”的结构 175
167.疑问词引导的名词性从句的语序 176
168.疑问词引导的主语从句 177
169.that引导的名词性从句 178
170.whatever和whoever/whomever引出名词性从句 180
171.间接引语中的人称和时态 181
172.祈使句的间接引语 182
173.感叹句的间接引语 182
174.引导定从句的关系代词和关系副词 183
175.关系代词的省略 184
176.限制性与非限制性定语从句 186
177.只用关系代词which而不用that的场合 187
178.只用关系代词that而不用which的场合 188
179.关系代词which和关系副词where, when的选择 189
180.as引导定语从句 190
181.含有I think/suppose的定语从句 191
182.that引导的各种从句 192
183.副词放在句首引出倒装句 193
184.only开始的句子用倒装句 194
185.so开始的句子用倒装句式 195
186.否定词及含否定意义的词开始的倒装句式 196
187.由it引出的强调句式 197
188.谓语的强调方式 198
第二部分 英语基本词汇用法 203
Ⅰ. 多义或多用途词 203
1. admit 203
2.affect 204
3.afford 204
4.afraid 205
5.arrange 206
6.assign 206
7.assure 207
8.audience 208
9.available 208
10.bear 209
11.blame 210
12.block 210
13.care 211
14.cause 212
15.claim 213
16.corner 213
17.delay 214
18.deserve 214
19.devote 215
21.escape 216
20.drown 216
22.fail 217
23.hang 218
24.instead 219
25.leave 219
26.long 220
27.marry 221
28.matter 222
29.mean 222
30.mind 224
31.object 225
32.open 225
33.order 226
34.perform 227
35.pretend 228
36.prevent 229
37.prove 229
38.range 230
39.regret 230
40.remain 231
41.rest 232
42.risk 233
43.room 233
44.serve 234
45.share 234
46.smell 235
47.stick 236
48.substitute 237
49.weigh 237
50.welcome 238
51.word 239
52.worry 240
Ⅱ. 常用词构成的词组 240
1.all 240
2.break 243
3.call 244
4.care 245
5.charge 247
6.come 247
7.die 248
8.distance 249
9.far 250
10.free 251
11.get 252
12.give 254
13.go 256
14.good 257
15.hand 258
16.hear 259
17.hold 259
18.keep 260
19.know 261
21.long 263
20.learn 263
22.look 264
23.make 267
24.moment 268
25.own 269
26.pass 269
27.pick 270
28.put 271
29.read 273
30.result 274
31.set 274
32.take 275
33.think 277
34.time 278
35.try 281
36.turn 282
37.wait 283
38.way 284
39.work 285
Ⅲ. 词语辨析 286
一、名词 286
1.accident, incident, event 286
2.ache, pain 287
3.advantage, benefit, profit 288
4.cause, reason, excuse 290
5.chance, opportunity 291
7.cloth, clothes, clothing 292
6.climate, weather 292
8.contact, touch 293
9.country, nation, state, power 294
10.custom, habit 295
11.date, day 296
12.equipment, device, tool, instrument 297
13.family, home, house 298
14.fault, mistake, wrong 299
15.floor, stor(e)y, layer 300
16.job, work, task 301
17.life, living 301
18.a number of, an amount of, a quantity of 302
19.person, people, population 303
20.power, force, strength 304
21.problem, question 305
22.quantity, quality 305
23.scene, scenery, sight, view 306
24.shade, shadow 307
25.site, spot, scene 308
26.source, resource 309
27.technique, technology, skill 309
28.travel, trip, journey, tour, voyage 310
29.treatment, cure, therapy 312
30.value, worth, price, cost 312
31.voice, sound, noise 314
32.accept, receive 315
二、动词 315
33.accomplish, achieve 316
34.add, increase 316
35.advise, persuade 317
36.agree, promise 318
37.allow, permit, let 318
38.appear, seem, look 319
39.answer, reply 321
40.arrive, reach, get 321
41.ask, demand, require 322
42.ask, inquire, question 324
43.attend, present 325
44.awake, wake, awaken 325
45.award, reward 326
46.beat, defeat, win 327
47.beat, hit, strike 328
48.borrow, lend 329
49.bring, take, fetch, carry, send 329
50.consider, regard 330
51.consist, compose 332
52.contact, touch 332
53.contain, include, involve 333
54.cost, pay, spend 334
55.damage, destroy, harm, wreck 335
56.decline, reduce 336
57.defend, protect, guard 337
58.depend, rely 338
59.do with, deal with 339
60.divide, separate, isolate 340
61.dress, put on, wear, have on 341
62.fall, drop, sink 342
63.fit, install, fix 342
64.fit, suit, match 343
65.get, obtain, gain 344
66.glance, scan, skim, browse 345
67.happen, occur, take place 346
68.hold out, insist on, persevere in, persist in, stick to 347
69.hope, wish, expect, desire 348
70.injure, hurt, wound 350
71.join, join in, take part in 352
72.knock, bump 353
73.know, recognize, realize 354
74.lie, lay 354
75.listen, hear 355
76.look, see 356
77.lose, miss 357
78.memorize, recite, remember 359
79.neglect, ignore 360
80.pay attention to, notice 361
81.produce, manufacture 361
82.provide, supply, offer 362
83.refuse, reject, decline 363
84.relax, relieve 364
85.rise, raise, lift 365
86.say, speak, talk, tell 366
87.search, search for 367
88.seat, sit 367
89.stop, pause 368
90.suggest, propose 368
91.treat, cure, heal 369
92.try, manage 370
三、形容词 370
93.able, capable 370
94.alive, living, lively 371
95.all, whole 372
96.alone, lonely 372
97.asleep, sleepy 373
98.close, closed 374
99.certain, sure 374
100.common, general, ordinary, average 376
101.considerate, considerable 377
102.current, present 378
103.damp, wet 379
104.dead.deadly 379
105.efficient, effective 380
106.favo(u)rite, favo(u)rable 380
107.fit, suitable 381
108.ill, sick 382
109.personal, private 382
110.pleasant, pleasing, pleased 383
111.possible, probable, likely 384
112.recent, latest, last 385
113.same, similar 386
114.strict, severe, serious 386
115.terrible, terrified 388
116.usual, normal, regular 388
117.worth, worthy, worthwhile 389
四、副词 390
118.ago, before 390
119.aloud, loud, loudly 391
120.almost, nearly 391
121.already, yet 392
122.altogether, all together 393
123.barely, hardly 394
124.continually, continuously 395
125.late, later, lately 395
126.most, mostly 396
127.near, nearly 397
128.presently, recently, shortly 397
129.pretty, prettily 398
130.sometime, some time, sometimes 399
131.specially, especially, particularly 400
132.too, either, also 400
五、其他 401
133.lack(of), short(of) 401
134.except/but, besides, in addition (to) 402