目录Introduction 1
Unit 1 PROPERTIES AND SHAPES 5
After section 1 1．has＋（diagonai） line 5
2．circular erc． 5
3．are both （circular） 5
After section 2 4．（spherical）in shape 6
5．（egg）shaped 6
After section 3 6．opposites；brittle/tough etc． 7
Listening prac rice LP1．relating properties and shapes 8
7．it is they ure＋adjective 8
LP2．general/particular，explanations 9
Unit 2 LOCATION 10
After sectionn 1 1．prepositions of 2-D position 10
2．as preceding drill 10
After section 2 3．prepositions of 3-D position 11
After section 3 4．located/situated to the （north）of 11
After section 4 6．parts and properties 12
5．are also found 12
7．as preceding drill 13
Listening practice LP1．following instructions 13
LP2．desc ription of relative positions 14
LP3．relating adverbal phrases 14
Unit 3 STRUCTURE 15
After section 1 1．consists of 15
2．contuins 15
3．include 16
After section 2 4．expressions of situation，connec-tion 16
After section 3 5．are often made of （wood）or（metal） 17
6．divided/surrounded by/covered/filed with 17
Listening practice IP1．general/particular terms 18
IP2．understanding coisist of and mclude 18
IP3．lollowing a ？ption 19
2 has a （length？ 20
Unit 4 MEASUREMENT I 20
After section 1 1 is measured in metresl 20
3 exaeth and approximateiy 21
After section 2 4 sneasured in gramsl 21
After section 3 5 ？um，？from to 22
6．wld range vi？s narrow range-con？ 22
Listening pracnce LP1．revogmsing m？ lals，slizes etc 23
Lp2 ．foll wing his？ mstructions 24
LP3．writing down dietated words and figures 26
Unit 5 PROCESS 1 FUNCTION AND ABILITY 26
After section 1 1．What is a （knife） used for？ 26
2．The function of…is 27
After section 2 3．an （instrument）for＋ing 27
4．enable someone to do something 28
After section 3 5．can，able capable 28
Listening practice LP1．instruments and functions 29
After section 4 6． various ways of describing func-tions 29
LP2．listening and orgamsing 30
Unit 6 PROCESS 2 ACTIONS IN SEQUENCE 32
After section 1 1．precede，follow，immediately 32
After section 2 2．before/after＋-ing 32
3．prepositions showing direction 33
4．when/as＋clause 33
After section 3 5．before/after＋clause or noun 34
After section 4 6．adverbs showing time sequence 34
Listening practice LP1．recognising pronoun reference 35
LP2．identifying stage-markers 36
After Revision B LP3．following and understanding 37
Unit 7 MEASUREMENT 2 QUANTITY 37
After section 1 1．how much，how many 37
2．a small/large number/amount of 38
After section 2 4．too little/few 39
3．much/slightly more/less 39
6．（sharp）enough to do something 40
After section 3 5．too/heavy/to do something 40
Listening practice LP1．listening and organising 41
LP2．general/partieular statements，explanations 42
Unit 8 PROCESS 3 CAUSE AND EFFECT 43
After sectior 1 1．if＋present，…will 43
After section 2 2．infinitive to show result 43
3． result in and result from 44
After section 3 4．cause something to do something 44
5． allow prevent and make 45
After section 4 6．because，beeause of， owing to 45
Listening practice LP1．identifying cause and effect etc． 46
LP2．identifying results 47
After section 1 1．compared with and relatively 48
2．approximately X times as high as 48
Unit 9 MEASUREMENT 3 PROPORTION 48
3．much/slightly lower/higher than 49
After section 2 4．majority and minority 49
5．the ratio of A to B is X 50
After section 3 6．direetly/inversely proportional to 50
Listening practice LP1．writing down dictated words and figures 51
LP2．listening and organising 51
After Revision C LP3．following and understanding 52
After section 2 2．tend to do something 53
Unit 10 MEASUREMENT 4 FREQUENCY TENDENCY，PROBABILITY 53
After section 1 1．all，no，some 53
After section 3 3．will certainly/probably 54
4．it is （certain）that＋clause 54
After section 4 5．the chances of＋-ing 55
6．the（probability）is＋clause 55
7．（more）likely to 56
LP2．relating visual and spoken infor-mation 57
Listening practice LP1．inferring consistency of meaning 57
LP3．identifying probabilityetc． 58
Unit 11 PROCESS 4 METHOD 59
After section 1 1．infinitive to show purpose 59
2．should＋passive 60
After section 2 3．how can＋passive 60
4．by＋-ing 61
5．one method is by ＋ing/noun 61
6．alterntively 62
Listening practice LP1．identifying actions and purposes 62
LP2．listening for particular points 63
Unit 12 CONSOLIDATION 64
After section 2 1．appear to/in fact 64
2．appear＋various opposites 65
3．prove/show that 65
After section 3 4．purpose，conelusion ete． 66
Listeningpractice LP1．following and understanding 67
LP2．noting main points in descnptions 68
LP3．making notes from a description 69
第一单元 特性和形状 71
第二单元 位置 78
第三单元 结构 85
第四单元 计量（1） 91
第五单元 过程（1）功能和能力 98
第六单元 过程（2）一序列的动作 105
第七单元 计量（2）数量 113
第八单元 过程（3）因果 120
第九单元 计量（3）比例 127
第十单元 计量（4）频率、倾向、可能性 133
第十一单元 过程（4）方法 142
第十二单元 巩固 148