Contents 1
Ⅰ．LANGUAGE 1
1．The Nature of Language D．H．Howe 1
2．The Nature of Language Harold E．Palmer 8
3．The Purpose of language Robert C．Pooley 11
4．What Is Language For David Crook 14
5．Random Thoughts on 16
Language Peter Hagboldt 16
Ⅱ．THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 20
1．English,the Most Widely Ruth Hayhoe 20
Used Language 24
2．The System of English Mary Finocchiaro 24
3．Bones of English F．G．French 27
4．English Study George Herbert Palmer 30
Ⅲ．TEACHER 36
1．What Makes a Good 36
Teacher(A Student s 36
eye View） Sondra Enos 36
2．The Teacher Jeremy Harmer 44
3．The Function of the 47
Teacher C．E．Eckersley 47
4．The Functions of the 51
Teacher Harold E．Palmer 51
5．An Excellent Teacher Peter Hagboldt 53
6．Understanding the Children Jeremy Harmer 59
7．My Advice to Young 62
Teachers of English Jin Shibo 62
8．As an English Teacher Richard A．Via 79
1．The Four Clear Aims F．G．French 85
Ⅳ．TEACHING 85
2．English Teaching Aims C．E．Eckersley 87
3．Goals of Language 91
Teaching Christopher J．Brumfit 91
4．Two Problems F．G．French 94
5．A Good Beginning F．G．French 96
6．Language Learning at the 100
Pre-Intermediate Level L．G．Alexander 100
7．The Formation of Sen- 105
tences F．G．French 105
8．Some Guidelines George Wilcox 109
9．Some General Suggestions F．G．French 112
10．How to Teach Well Edger Dale 117
11．Some Techniques in Tea- 119
ching English Audrey L．Wright 119
Language Teaching Eugene A．Nida 128
12．Misconceptions in Foreign 128
13．Learning a Foreign Lan- 131
guage in a Classroom Eugene A．Nida 131
14．Stop Talking and Start 136
Teaching Richard Yorkey 136
15．Aids to Reduce the 141
Teacher s Talking F．G．French 141
16．Situational Presentation J．G．Bruton 143
17．The Situation Gardiner 147
18．What Should the Pupils 150
Feel About the Lesson F．G．French 150
19．Well-Mastered Lessons George Herbert Betts 154
20．The Assignment of the 156
Lesson George Herbert Betts 156
Lesson F．G．French 159
21．Planning and Teaching a 159
the Teaching in the 163
Junior Forms? English Bulletin 163
vol.Ⅶ.No.4,1983 163
22．Can Chinese Be Used in 163
23．Conditions Necessary to a 168
Good Recitation George Herbert Betts 168
24．Language Games J．Dobson 173
25．Songs in Language Learn- 179
ing J．C．Richards 179
26．Use Your Hands,Arms, 185
Face and Clothing in 185
Teaching Mary Finocchiaro 185
1．Teaching and Learning 190
a Foreign Language Otto Jespersen 190
Ⅴ．WAYS TO TEACH 190
2．Preliminary Factors of 194
Linguistic Pedagory H．E．Palmer 194
3．Direct Method C．E．Eckersley 204
4．General Principles of 211
Teaching English Lin Yutang……………… 211
5．The Berlitz Method of 211
Teaching Languages 211
6．Learning by Heart H．E．Palmer 217
7．The Use of Visual Aids S．Pit Corder 220
Ⅵ．WHAT SOME OLD TEXTBOOK WRITERS SAY 226
1．Preface to Mastery of 226
English Book Ⅲ H．B．Graybill 226
2．How to Use Mastery of 231
English Book Ⅲ H．B．Graybill 231
3．Model English Readers Tsen Yih Zan 239
4．Model English Readers Tsen Yih Zan 241
5．How to Teach the Book 244
The New English 244
Readers H．D．Ling 244
6．The Progressive English 251
Readers—to the 251
Teacher H．D．Ling 251
7．English Chinese Primer 257
—Plan of the Book 257
8．English Chinese Reader 260
—Directions to the 260
Teacher 260
Ⅶ．SKILL 263
1．Language Learning a Skill C．E．Eckersley 263
2．The Four Skills F．G．French 266
3．Four Essential Skills in 269
English Language Learn- 269
ing Ruth Hayhoe 269
4．The Order of Presentation 274
of the Language Abili- 274
ties L．R．H．Chapman 274
5．Students Skills Count for 278
More China Daily 278
6．Knowledge Versus Skill J．A．Bright and 280
G．P．McGregor 280
Ⅷ．LISTENING 283
1．Listening K．James L．Mulien 283
2．Learning by Listening Eugene A．Nida 288
sion Ruth Hayhoe 292
3．Listening and Comprehen- 292
4．Extensive Listening A．Howatt J．Dakin 296
5．Selective Listening Eugene A．Nida 301
Ⅸ．SPEAKING 308
1．Speaking English Ruth Hayhoe 308
2．Learning to Speak L．G．Alexander 313
3．Spoken English David Crook 317
4．Speech F．G．French 321
5．Help the Students Speak H．E．Palmer 324
6．Speaking the Language Eugene A．Nida 326
7．How to Teach Oral Eng- 330
lish H．E．Palmer 330
S．Temperley 332
ing Skill Wilga M．Rivers Mary 332
Development of Speak- 332
8．Opposing Views on the 332
9．Good English Lin Yutang 334
10．The Teaching of Speech 336
and Writing M．West 336
Ⅹ．READING 342
1．Reading F．G．French 342
2．Reading English Ruth Hayhoe 346
3．The Qualities of Good 352
Oral Reading Israel Edwin Goldwasser 352
4．The Teaching of Reading Michael West 354
5．Reading Aloud and Listen- 357
ing to Reading Eugene A．Nida 357
6．Two Methods of Reading Michael West 360
tensive Harold E．Palmer 364
7．Reading,Intensive and Ex- 364
8．Reading and Pronunciation Julia Dobson 373
9．Vocalization in Reading Michael West 376
10．Reading and Writing Julia Dobson 378
11．The Teaching of Reading William S．Gray 380
Ⅺ．WRITING 386
1．In Defence of Writing W．Sharwood Smith 386
2．Writing F．G．French 391
3．Writing David Crook 396
4．Learning to Write L．G．Alexander 400
5．Writing English Ruth Hayhoe 403
6．What Is a Good Composition 407
Ⅻ．VOCABULARY 411
1．Vocabulary Classified Michael West 411
English Language A．W．Frisby 413
2．The Vocabularies in the 413
3．Word Families F．G．French 417
4．The First Year of English F．G．French 420
5．Learning Words F．G．French 423
6．Word Learning Israel Edwin Goldwasser 427
7．Content Words A．W．Frisby 429
8．How to Infer Words Michael West 432
9．How to comprehend Words 436
and Sentences(1) Otto Jespersen 436
10．How to comprehend Words 439
and Sentences(2) Otto Jespersen 439
11．Difficulty Due to Too Many 443
New Words Otto Jespersen 443
Average American Harold Wentworth 446
Stuart Berg Flexner 446
12．The Vocabulary of the 446
13．Words and the linguistic 448
Situation Robert Lado Charles 448
C．Fries 448
14．100 Most Frequently Used 451
Words Kennedy 451
15．On Spelling John Holt 453
ⅩⅢ．GRAMMAR 459
1．Grammar F．G．French 459
2．The Teaching and Learning 463
of Grammar F．G．French 463
3．Some Suggestions to Make 468
Grammar Lessons Interest- 468
ing F．G．French 468
4．The Teaching of Grammar L．G．Alexander 471
5．English Moods of Speech H．Spencer 474
6．Concerning English Usage Charles V．Hartung 476
7．Grammar,Master or Servant David Crook 479
8．Grammar,Diet or Medicine Michael West 481
9．Grammar,Form or Meaning C．E．Eckersley 484
10．Which Is Right Richard K．Corbin 488
Porter G．Prerin 488
11．The Place of Grammar A．W．Frisby 490
12．Preface(Kaiming English 493
Grammar） Lin Yutang 493
ⅪⅤ．TRANSLATION 503
1．Translation Harold E．Pclmer 503
2．Translation C．E．Eckersley 507
3．Translation F．G．French 511
4．Translation Otto Jespersen 518
5．Translation,Pro and Con Otto Jespersen 522
ⅩⅤ．TEXTBOOK 525
1．The Textbook HallQuest 525
2．The Way to Treat Your 529
Textbook Audrey L．Wright 529
3．Using the Textbook John J．Lee 532
ⅩⅥ．DICTIONARY 536
The Dictionary 536
Kinds of Information the 536
Dietionary Gives John E．Warriner 536
ⅩⅦ．QUESTIONING 544
1．For the Young Teacher— 544
Questioning J．Lee 544
2．The Art of Questioning George Herbert Betts 550
3．Asking Questions F．G．French 553
ⅩⅧ．MISTAKES 556
1．The Treatment of Mistakes Michael West 556
2．Correction of Errors Harold E．Palmer 558
3．Correction Signals Harold E．Palmer 563
4．The A B C Correction 567
Code Henry Huizinga 567
ⅩⅨ．EXAMINATIONS 571
1．Examinations And Foreign 571
Language Teaching Michael West 571
2．Examinations R．M．Cameron 574
3．On Eggs and Exams David Crook 578
ⅩⅩ．BLACKBOARD 583
1．The Blackboard F．G．French 583
2．Using Blackboard Drawings R．L．Fountain 585
Chief References 590