PART Ⅰ THE SCOPE AND MACHINERY OF REGULATION 1
CHAPTER Ⅰ THE SUBJECT MATTER OF REGULATION：RATES，SERVICE，MANAGEMENT 3
Section 1．Regulation and agricultural depression 3
Sec．2．State commissions 5
Sec．3．Rates and charges 7
Sec．4．Service and management 9
Sec．5．Management and profits 12
Sec．6．State and interstate regulations 13
CHAPTER Ⅱ THE AGENCIES OF REGULATION 14
Section 1．Commission regulation 14
Sec．2．State commissions and the Interstate Commerce Commission 15
Sec．3．The Shreveport Case 16
Sec．4．The organization of the Interstate Commerce Commission 18
Sec．5．Personnel of the Commission 19
Sec．6．Divisional organization 21
Sec．7．Bureau organization 24
CHAPTER Ⅲ PRACTICE BEFORE COMMISSIONS 28
Section 1．The administrative body 28
Sec．2．Informality of procedure 29
Sec．3．Classes of controversies，formal and informal complaints 31
Sec．4．Rules of procedure 33
Sec．5．Machinery of procedure 35
Sec．6．General investigations and ex parte hearings 37
CHAPTER Ⅳ THE COMMISSIONS AND THE COURTS 41
Section 1．The function of the court in regulation 41
Sec．2．Defined powers of commissions 42
Sec．3．The Abilene Case 44
Sec．4．Constitutionality of state laws 45
Sec．5．The confiscation doctrine 46
Sec．6．State and Federal powers 47
Sec．7．The review of orders 51
Sec．8．The enforcement of orders 52
Sec．9．Reparation under the Interstate Commerce Act 52
PART Ⅱ RATES 57
CHAPTER Ⅴ THE RATE MAKING POWER 59
Section 1．Competitive rate making 59
Sec．2．The Commission＇s rate making power 59
Sec．3．Agency issues 60
Sec．4．Tariff publication 61
Sec．5．Maximum，absolute，minimum rates 62
Sec．6．The suspension power 64
Sec．7．The rule of rate making 67
CHAPTER Ⅵ THE PUBLISHED RATE 70
Section 1．The publication principle 70
Sec．2．Publication rules 71
Sec．3．The pass problem 73
Sec．4．False billing 75
Sec．5．＂Beating the rate，＂ 76
Sec．6．Legal allowances 78
Sec．7．Industrial railroads and tap lines 80
CHAPTER Ⅶ THE ECONOMICS OF RATE MAKING 84
Section 1．The dual problem of reasonableness 84
Sec．2．Economic peculiarities of railroads：Large specialized plant 85
Sec．3．Joint costs 86
Sec．4．Constant and variable costs 88
Sec．5．What the traffic will bear 90
Sec．6．Diversion 93
Sec．7．Destruction 93
Sec．8．The zone of reasonableness 96
Sec．9．Classification and class rates，commodity rates 100
CHAPTER Ⅷ GENERAL RATE LEVELS 103
Section 1．The general rate level 103
Sec．2．Advanced rate cases，1903 and 1910 104
Sec．3．The Five Per Cent Case 108
Sec．4．The war-time advance 110
Sec．5．The Transportation Act 117
Sec．6．Increased rates，1920 112
Sec．7．Decreased rates and what the traffic will bear 113
Sec．8．Reduced Rates，1922 116
CHAPTER Ⅸ THE EQUALIZATION PRINCIPLE 118
Section 1．Local discrimination and business competition 118
Sec．2．Competition between common terminals 122
Sec．3．Cross country competition 123
Sec．4．In-and-out rate adjustments 126
Sec．5．The Shreveport Case，once more 128
Sec．6．Common point adjustments 128
Sec．7．Proportional rates as a means of equalization，＂Gateway competition，＂ 130
Sec．8．Port differentials 133
Sec．9．Transit privileges 135
CHAPTER Ⅹ THE DISTANCE PRINCIPLE 139
Section 1．Distance as a measure of service 139
Sec．2．Passenger rates 139
Sec．3．Terminal and haulage costs 141
Sec．4．The tapering principle 142
Sec．5．Logical rate scales 146
Sec．6．Distance tables 149
Sec．7．Market competition and distance rates 150
Sec．8．The rate making of desperation 155
CHAPTER Ⅺ THE LONG AND SHORT HAUL PRINCIPLE 157
Section 1．The long and short haul clause 157
Sec．2．Departure from the rule 158
Sec．3．Control of the long haul rate 158
Sec．4．Circuitous routes 160
Sec．5．The fifteen per cent rule 162
Sec．6．Group rates 164
Sec．7．Short lines 164
Sec．8．Potential water competition 165
Sec．9．Character of the commodity 168
Sec．10．Controlling market competition 169
Sec．11．The extent of relief 172
Sec．12．Relative reasonableness and the rate adjustment 174
CHAPTER Ⅻ GROUP RATE PRINCIPLES 177
Section 1．The group rate device 177
Sec．2．The＂distance-group rate principle＂ 178
Sec．3．Distance and differentials 182
Sec．4．Lake cargo coal differentials 187
Sec．5．The long and short haul principle and group rates 189
Sec．6．The southern rate structure 196
See．7．Maximum rates 200
Sec．8．The transcontinental adjustment 201
PART Ⅲ SERVICE 205
CHAPTER ⅩⅢ THE SERVICE OBLIGATION 207
Section 1．Rates and service：Service principles 207
Sec．2．The failure of service competition 209
Sec．3．The achievement of private initiative 211
Sec．4．Special service and economy 214
Sec．5．Delay in regulating service 217
Sec．6．The scope of service regulation 219
Sec．7．Safety and adequacy of service 220
Sec．8．Continuity of service 221
CHAPTER ⅩⅣ REGULATION OF SAFETY AND HEALTH 223
Section 1．The police powers of the states 223
Sec．2．Conflicting state requirements 225
Sec．3．Federal Safety Appliance Act 227
Sec．4．Hours of Service Law 229
Sec．5．Twenty-eight Hour Live Stock Law 229
Sec．6．The Boiler Inspection Act 231
Sec．7．The Accidents Reports Act 232
Sec．8．Federal Employers＇Liability Act 233
Sec．9．Automatic train control 234
CHAPTER ⅩⅤ TRAINS AND TRAIN MOVEMENT 237
Section 1．The technical nature of operation 237
Sec．2．The Transportation Act，1920，and train service 238
Sec．3．Discrimination in train service 239
Sec．4．State regulations 238
Sec．5．Train stop statutes 241
Sec．6．Speed regulations 242
Sec．7．Abandonment of train service 243
CHAPTER ⅩⅥ CAR SUPPLY AND CAR DISTRIBUTION 245
Section 1．Car shortage 245
Sec．2．The per diem agreement 249
Sec．3．Specialized equipment 250
Sec．4．Car distribution 252
Sec．5．Assigned car rule 254
Sec．6．Duties of shippers 257
Car peddling 259
CHAPTER ⅩⅦ THROUGH ROUTES AND ROUTING OF FREIGHT 260
Section 1．The shipper＇s control over routing 260
Sec．2．Through routes and joint rates 261
Sec．3．Market competition 262
Sec．4．The division of through rates 265
Sec．5．The binding character of routing instructions 268
Sec．6．Unrouted traffic 270
CHAPTER ⅩⅧ TERMINALS AND TERMINAL FACILITIES 272
Section 1．Importance of terminals 272
Sec．2．The opening of terminals to competitors 275
Sec．3．Closed and open terminals 276
Sec．4．Emergency control over terminals 279
Sec．5．Extension of terminals 280
CHAPTER ⅩⅨ SPECIAL PRIVILEGES AND FACILITIES 282
Section 1．The publication of privileges and facilities 282
Sec．2．Elevation of grain 284
Sec．3．Loading and unloading of freight 286
Sec．4．Transit privileges 289
Sec．5．Reconsignment 290
Sec．6．Service and rates，once more 292
CHAPTER ⅩⅩ NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ABANDONMENTS 293
Section 1．The decline of competitive building 293
Sec．2．The power to require extensions 294
Sec．3．The abandonment of railroad property 299
PART Ⅳ MANAGEMENT 305
CHAPTER ⅩⅪ THE FUNCTION OF RAILROAD MANAGEMENT 307
Section 1．The obligation to earn 307
Sec．2．The director system of management 308
Sec．3．Railroad credit 310
Sec．4．Permanent improvements and traffic congestion 313
Sec．5．Unproductive improvements 314
Sec．6．Financing equipment needs 315
Sec．7．State regulation 317
Sec．8．The dual problem of railroad management 318
CHAPTER ⅩⅫ THE REHABILITATION OF RAILROAD CREDIT 310
Section 1．The transition to private control 320
Sec．2．The rule of rate making，once more 322
Sec．3．The recapture of excess earnings 325
Sec．4．The revolving．fund 327
Sec．5．The carriers＇share 329
Sec．6．The unearned increment 331
Sec．7．The rule of rate making and valuation 333
CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅢ RAILROAD VALUATION 335
Section 1．The Valuation Act of 1913 335
Sec．2．Smyth v．Ames 337
Sec．3．The Bureau of Valuation 338
Sec．4．Cost of reproduction 341
Sec．5．Railroad land 343
Sec．6．＂Other values，or elements of value＂ 346
Sec．7．The weakness of the Commission＇s valuations 347
Sec．8．The future of the valuation 350
CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅣ THE PROTECTION OF INVESTORS 353
Section 1．The protection of railroad income 353
Sec．2．The building of new lines 354
Sec．3．The Wisconsin Rate Case 353
Sec．4．The division of joint rates 358
Sec．5．The weakness of the director system 362
Sec．6．Banker management 364
Sec．7．The regulation of securities 366
Sec．8．Leases 369
Sec．9．Civil and criminal liability 370
CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅤ THE ADJUSTMENT OF LABOR DISPUTES 372
Section 1．The railroad wage bill 372
Sec．2．Federal control and labor 373
Sec．3．The national agreements 374
Sec．4．The Railroad Labor Board 376
Sec．5．The 1920 wage advance 381
Sec．6．Abrogation of the national agreements 383
Sec．7．The Pennsylvania election dispute 387
Sec．8．Contracting of maintenance 388
Sec．9．Wage reductions，1922 390
Sec．10．Cooperation，Labor Board and Interstate Commerce Commission 396
CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅥ THE INTEGRITY OF THE ACCOUNTS 398
Section 1．The need for sound accounting 398
Sec．2．Dual responsibility of railroad accounting officers 401
Sec．3．Recapture of excess earnings 402
Sec．4．Maintenance and depreciation 403
Sec．5．Obsolescence 405
Sec．6．Balance sheet items 406
Sec．7．Valuation and consolidation 408
CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅦ RAILROAD CONSOLIDATION 410
Section 1．Consolidation as a policy 410
Sec．2．Competition as a governing rule 411
Sec．3．Existing channels of trade and commerce 413
Sec．4．Weak and strong roads 144
Sec．5．The Ripley report and the Commission＇s scheme 415
Sec．6．Official classification territory，trunk lines 417
Sec．7．The South 424
Sec．8．The Southwest 417
Sec．9．Transcontinental competitors 426
Sec．10．The organization problem 432
Sec．11．The problem of the future：voluntary or compulsory consolidation 433
APPENDIX Ⅰ DEVELOPMENT OF FEDERAL REGULATION 437
APPENDIX Ⅱ SUGGESTED READINGS 441
APPENDIX Ⅲ TABLE OF CASES 449
INDEX 481