1．Introduction 1
2．The Determinants of the Amount of Elite Mobility 13
3．Chinese Social Stratification，1600-1900 33
4．Earlier Research on Chinese Elite Mobility 71
5．Methodology 84
6．Bureaucratic vs．Extra-Bureaucratic Determinants of Official Advancement (1) 114
7．Bureaucratic vs．Extra-Bureaucratic Determinants of Official Advancement (2) 154
8．Summary，Conclusions，and Future Research 186
APPENDIX Ⅰ．572 Officials in Eminent Chinese of the Ch＇ing Period，Classified by manchu，Chinese Official，or Chinese Commoner Family Background 195
APPENDIX Ⅱ．Supplement to Family Background Data for the Chinese Sample 201
APPENDIX Ⅲ．The Formal Hierarchy of the Ch＇ing Bureaucracy 206
NOTES 237
GLOSSARY 243
BIBLIOGRAPHY 259
INDEX 291