VOLUME Ⅱ 715
CHAPTER 46 ABDOMINAL INCISIONS＆BY BEN JAMIN W．RAWLES，JR 715
Introduction 715
Types of Incisions 716
Abdominal Incisions for Gynecologic Operations 725
Management of Contaminated Wounds and Drainage Methods 728
Wound Separation and Evisceration 729
Closure of Disrupted Wound 730
CHAPTER 47 ACUTE CONDITIONS OF THE ABDOMEN＆BY CARRINGTON WILLIAMS，JR 731
Introduction 731
Conditions Simulating Abdominal Emergencies 732
Differential Diagnosis 733
Acute Appendicitis 734
Acute Cholecystitis 735
Perforated Peptic Ulcer 736
Acute Pancreatitis 737
Intestinal Obstruction 738
Visceral Injuries 739
Gynecologic and Obstetric Conditions 741
Abdominal Apoplexy 741
Miscellaneous Conditions 742
Technic of Exploration 744
CHAPTER 48 PERITONITIS＆BY CARRINGTON WILLIAMS，JR 746
Anatomy and Histology 746
Physiology 748
Pathology 750
Clinical Picture 751
Localized Peritonitis 752
Generalized Peritonitis 752
Treatment 753
Special Types of Peritonitis 753
Mortality and Prognosis 754
Intraperitoneal Abscesses 755
Pelvic Abscesses 755
Intra-abdominal Abscesses 756
Subdiaphragmatic Abscesses 756
CHAPTER 49 GASTROPTOSIS；RESECTION OF VAGUS NERVES；CONGENITAL PYLORIC STENOSIS＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 758
Gastroptosis 758
Resectiono f the Vagus Nerves 762
Congenital Pyloric Stenosis 763
CHAPTER 50 HOURGLASS CONTRACTION OF THE STOMACH；GASTROTOMY；GASTROSTOMY＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 767
Hourglass Contraction of the Stomach 767
Gastrotomy 767
Gastrostomy 769
CHAPTER 51 GASTROENTEROSTOMY；PYLOROPLASTY＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 781
Gastroenterostomy 781
Pyloroplasty 796
CHAPTER 52 THE BILLROTH I TYPE OF PARTIAL GASTRECTOMY＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 805
History 805
Physiologic Basis for This Operation 806
A Modification of the Billroth I partial Gastrectomy (Horsley) 807
The Finney-Haberer Modification of the Billroth I Partial Gastrectomy 817
CHAPTER 53 THE BILLROTH Ⅱ TYPE OF PARTIAL GASTRECTOMY；TOTAL GASTRECTOMY；THE DEVINE OPERATION＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 821
The Polya Modification of the Billroth Ⅱ Partial Gastrectomy 821
The Hofmeister Modification of the Billroth Ⅱ Partial Gastrectomy 825
The Roux Technic for Partial Gastrectomy 827
Total Gastrectomy 828
The Devine Operation 831
CHAPTER 54 JEJUNAL OR GASTROJEJUNAL ULCER＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 834
Etiology 834
Disconnecting a Gastroenterostomy 836
The Operation of Estes 838
Jejunal Ulcer Following Partial Gastrectomy 838
Resection of the Gastric Vagus Nerves 840
Jejunostomy 840
Jejunocolic Fistula 841
CHAPTER 55 OPERATIONS ON THE SMALL INTESTINES＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 843
Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations 843
Healing of Intestinal Wounds 844
Intestinal Suturing 845
Corpostasis 849
Intestinal Fistula 849
Duodenotomy 853
Duodenjojejunostomy 854
CHAPTER 56 OPERATIONS ON THE SMALL INTESTINES (CONTINUED)＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 857
Intestinal Perforations and Wounds 857
Diverticula 859
Enterostomy 862
CHAPTER 57 OPERATIONS ONT HE SMALL INTESTINES (CONTINUED)＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 875
Resection and Union of the Small Intestine 875
Drainage 882
CHAPTER 58 APPENDECTOMY．ABDOMINAL INCISION；TREATMENT OF THE STUMP；APPENDICEAL ABSCESS AND PERITONITIS＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 883
CHAPTER 59 NONMALIGNANT CONDITIONS OF THE COLON＆BY CARRINGTON WILLIAMS AND CARRINGTON WILLIAMS，JR 895
Megacolon (Hirschsprung＇s Disease) 895
Diverticulitis 899
Volvulus of the Sig|moid Colon 902
Intussusception 903
Polyps and Polyposis 903
Bengin and Inflammatory Tumors 904
Ulcerative Colitis 905
CHAPTER 60 OPERATIONS ON THE COLON AND RECTUM＆BY CARRINGTON WILLIAMS 908
General Principles 908
Preoperative Preparation 909
Anesthesia 910
Operability 910
The Choice of Operative Procedures 911
Colostomy 912
Resection of Right Colon；End-to-Side Anastomosis；Ileocolostomy 918
Resection of the Transverse and Left Colon 922
Resection of the Rectosigmoid 926
Carcinoma of the Rectum 929
CHAPTER 61 OPERATIONS FOR NONMALIGNANT DISEASES OF THE RECTUM AND ANUS＆BY ROBERT V．TERRELL 934
Hemorrhoids 934
Injection Treatment 937
Hemorrhoidectomy 938
Rectal Prolapse and Procidentia 942
Pruritus Ani 945
Foreign Bodies 946
Benign Rectal Stricture 947
Anal Papillitis and Cryptitis 947
Anal Fissure 949
Anal Stenosis 950
Abscesses 951
Anal Fistula 953
Blasidell Method of Repair of the Incontinent Sphincter Ani 955
Bengin Tumors 958
CHAPTER 62 THE LIVER，GALL BLADDER，AND BILE TRACTS＆BY BENJAMIN W．RAWLES，JR 961
Prolapse of the Liver 961
Tumors and Cysts of the Liver 961
Wounds of the Liver 962
Abscesses of the Liver 962
Subphrenic Abscess 964
Cholecystectomy 967
Cholecystotomy 971
Cholecystostomy 971
Choledochotomy and Chole|dochostomy 972
Cholecystenterostomy 975
Stricture of the Common Duct 976
Portal Hypertension 984
CHAPTER 63 THE PANCREAS AND SPLEEN＆BY BENJAMIN W．RAWLES，JR 992
The Pancreas 992
The Spleen 1002
CHAPTER 64 OPERATIONS FOR FRACTURES＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR 1008
Principles of Treatment 1008
Methods of Traction 1010
Open Reduction 1014
Compound Fractures 1027
Nonunion 1029
Reconstruction Operations of the Hip 1034
Leg Length Equalization 1042
Malunion of the Radius 1050
Osteotomy 1052
Removal of the Coccyx 1054
CHAPTER 65 OPERATIONS ON TENDONS＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR 1056
Repair of Old Injuries 1056
Tenotomies and Tendon Lengthening 1064
Torticollis 1067
Tendon Transference 1071
CHAPTER 66 OPERATIONS ON JOINTS＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR 1082
Aspiration and Drainage of Joints 1082
Arthrotomy in the Nonseptic Joint 1086
Arthroplasty 1105
Arthrodesing and Stabilizing Operations 1112
CHAPTER 67 PYOGENIG OSTEOMYELITIS；BURSITIS；INGROWING HAIL；BUNIONS AND HALLUX VALGUS；HAMMERTOE＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR 1135
Osteomyelitis 1135
Bursitis 1142
Ingrowing Nail 1144
Bunions and Hallux Valgus 1144
Hammertoe 1152
CHAPTER 68 GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING AMPUTATIONS；AMPUTATIONS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR 1154
General Principles 1154
Care of Bone Ends 1156
Closure of Amputated Stump 1157
The Level of Amputation 1158
Plastic Repair and Reamputation 1158
Fingers 1160
Thumb 1163
Hand 1164
Forearm 1165
Upper Arm 1168
Shoulder 1170
Forequarter 1173
Cineplastic Operations 1173
CHAPTER 69 AMPUTATIONS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR 1178
General Principles 1178
Toes 1180
Lower Leg 1184
Thigh 1187
Hip Joint 1190
Hindquarter 1192
The Care of Stumps 1198
CHAPTER 70 THE KINDEY AND URETER＆BY AUSTIN I．DODSON 1200
General Considerations 1200
The Kidney 1200
Operations on the Kidneys 1202
Hydronephrosis 1221
Operations Upon the Adrenal Gland 1224
The Ureter 1228
CHAPTER 71 THE BLADDER AND URETHRA＆BY AUSTIN I．DODSON 1244
The Bladder 1244
The Urethra 1260
CHAPTER 72 THE PROSTATE GLAND＆BY AUSTIN I．DODSON 1267
Pathology 1267
Clinical Course in Prostatic Obstruction 1268
Postoperative Treatment 1270
Choice of Treatment 1270
Transurcthral Resection 1272
Prostatectomy 1277
Carcinoma of Prostate 1294
CHAPTER 73 THE SEMINAL VESICLES，VAS DEFERENS，TESTICLE，TUNICA VAGINALIS，AND SPERMATIC CORD＆BY AUSTIN I．DODSON 1298
The Seminal Vesicles 1298
Vas Deferens 1299
Tuberculosis of the Epididymis 1302
The Testicle 1304
Hydrocele 1309
Varicocele 1310
CHAPTER 74 THE PENIS＆BY AUSTIN I．DODSON 1313
Circumcision 1313
Epispadias 1315
Hypospadias 1319
Amputation of the Penis 1329
Block Dissection of Inguinal and Femoral Areas 1331
CHAPTER 75 THE VULVA＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE 1336
Operations on the Vulvovaginal (Bartholin) Gland 1336
Simple Vulvectomy 1338
Radical Vulvectomy 1340
CHAPTER 76 THE VAGINA．OPERATIONS FOR MALFORMATIONS；OPERATIONS ON THE POSTERIOR WALL；OPERATIONS ON THE ANTERIOR WALL＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE 1346
Stenoses and Atresias of the Vulva and Vagina 1346
Methods of Treating Absence of the Vagina 1347
Technic of Construction of Vagina 1348
Perineorrhaphy 1350
Repair of Rectocele：Posterior Colporrhaphy 1354
Repair of Enterocele 1354
Repair of Complete Perineal Laceration 1354
Repair of Rectovaginal Fistula 1356
Posterior Colpotomy 1359
Cystocele 1361
Urethrocele and Stress Incontinence 1365
CHAPTER 77 THE VAGINA (CONTINUED)．OPERATIONS FOR UTERINE PROLAPSE＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE 1369
Introduction 1369
Manchester Operation 1370
Vaginal Hysterectomy 1373
The Spalding-Richardson Composite Operation 1378
Watkins Interposition Operation 1378
Le Fort Colpocleisis 1380
CHAPTER 78 UTERINE CERVIX．CURETTAGE AND OPERATIONS FOR BENION LESIONS＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE 1382
Dilatation of the Cervix 1382
Curettage of the Uterus 1382
Biopsy of the Cervix 1385
Treatment of Erosions，Polyps，Cysts，and Chronic Infections of the Cervix 1385
Sturmdorf Tracheloplasty 1385
Amputation of the Cervix 1386
Conization 1386
CHAPTER 79 THE UTERUS．TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX；TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE ENDOMETRIUM＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE 1389
Carcinoma of the Cervix 1389
Treatment of Carcinoma of the Endometrium 1403
CHAPTER 80 THE UTERUS (CONTINUED)．INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC OPERATIONS FOR BENIGN Lesions＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE 1408
Hysterectomy 1408
Suspension of Uterus 1419
Resection of the Superior Hypogastric Plexus 1424
CHAPTER 81 THE OVARIES＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE 1430
Infections 1430
Benign Neoplasms 1431
Malignant Tumors 1432
Endometriosis 1433
Disposition of Homolateral Tube 1434
Technic of Resection of the Ovary 1434
Technic of Enucleation of Cyst of Ovary 1435
Technic of Oophorectomy 1435
Technic of Salpingo-oophorectomy 1435
CHAPTER 82 THE FALLOPIAN TUBES＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE 1440
Indications for Operations on the Fallopian Tubes 1440
Inflammations of the Tube 1440
Malignant Tumors of the Tube 1441
Tubal Pregnancy 1441
Technic of Salpingectomy 1441
Operations for Correction of Sterility 1441
Sterilization 1442
CHAPTER 83 THE HEAD．INJURIES AND INFECTIONS＆BY CHARLES E．TROLAND 1446
Introduction 1446
Anatomical and Physiological Considerations 1446
The Scalp 1447
Fractures of the Skull 1449
Penetrating Wounds of the Brain 1453
Extra|dural Hemorrhage 1453
Subdural Hematoma 1455
Subtemporal Decompression 1457
Cranial Defects 1461
Infections 1462
General Care of Head Injuries 1466
CHAPTER 84 THE CRANIAL NERVES＆BY CHARLES E．TROLAND 1468
The Fifth Nerve 1468
The Seventh Nerve 1473
CHAPTER 85 SPINAL CORD＆BY CHARLES E．TROLAND 1480
Anatomical and Physiological Consideration 1480
Injuries 1481
Infections 1485
Congenital Malformations of the Vertebral Canal 1487
The Intervertebral Disc Syndrome 1491
CHAPTER 86 SURGERY OF PERIPHERAL NERVES＆BY CHARLES E．TROLAND 1494
Anatomical and Physiological Considerations 1494
Examination in Nerve Injuries 1495
General Principles of Nerve Repair 1495
Treatment of Specific Nerve Lesions 1501
CHAPTER 87 SURGERY OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM＆BY CHARLES E．TROLAND 1507
Introduction 1507
Anatomical and Physiological Considerations 1507
Superior Cervical Ganglionectomy 1508
Thoracic Sympathectomy 1510
Thoracolumbar Sympathectomy 1515
Lumbar Sympathectomy 1519
Sympathetic Blocks 1521