PART Ⅰ．GENERAL DEVELOPMENT 1
CHAPTER Ⅰ．-INTRODUCTION 1
General Features of Development 4
Some Fundamental Concepts 11
Recommendations for Collateral Reading 15
CHAPTER Ⅱ．-THE GERM CELLS AND FERTILIZATION 16
The Germ Cells 16
Oogenesis 18
Spermatogenesis 29
Ovulation and Semination 35
Fertilization 43
Heredity and Sex 48
References Cited 50
CHAPTER Ⅲ．-CLEAVAGE AND THE ORIGIN OF THE GERM LAYERS 53
Amphioxus 55
Lower Fishes and Amphibia 59
Higher Fishes，Reptiles and Birds 63
Mammals 71
References Cited 79
CHAPTER Ⅳ．-FETAL MEMBRANES，PLACENTATION AND DECIDU？ 80
The Fetal Membranes of Reptiles and Birds 81
The Fetal Membranes of Mammals 83
Human Placentation 89
Implantation of the Embryo in the Mucosa 89
Establishment of the Embryo in the Mucosa 97
The Fetal Membranes 101
The Decidual Membranes 110
The Placenta 115
References Cited 128
CHAPTER Ⅴ．-AGE，BODY FORM AND GROWTH CHANGES 129
Determination of the Age of Embryos 129
Viability and Longevity 132
An Outline of Prenatal Development 133
Period of the Ovum 133
Period of the Embryo 133
Period of the Fetus 147
The Establishment of External Form 149
The Head and Neck 149
The Trunk 158
The Appendages 159
Growth Changes 161
References Cited 165
CHAPTER Ⅵ．-TERATOLOGY 167
Twins and Twinning 168
Equal Conjoined Twins 172
Unequal Conjoined Twins 174
The Cause of Monsters and Anomalies 175
References Cited 182
PART Ⅱ．ORGANOGENESIS 183
ENTODERMAL DERIVATIVES 183
CHAPTER Ⅶ．-THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 183
The Mouth 186
The Pharynx 202
The Digestive Tube 213
The Liver 222
The Pancreas 227
References Cited 229
CHAPTER Ⅷ．-THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 231
The Larynx 232
The Trachea 233
The Lungs 233
References Cited 239
MESODERMAL DERIVATIVES 240
CHAPTER Ⅸ．-THE MESENTERIES AND C？LOM 240
The Mesenteries 240
The Primitive Mesentery 240
Specialization of the Dorsal Mesentery 241
Specialization of the Ventral Mesentery 248
The Coelom 250
The Primitive Coelom 250
The Septum Transversum 253
The Pleuro-pericardial Membrane 256
The Pleuro-peritoneal Membrane 257
The Pericardium 258
The Diaphragm 259
References Cited 260
CHAPTER Ⅹ．-THE UROGENITAL SYSTEM 261
The Urinary Organs 261
The Pronephros 262
The Mesonephros 264
The Metanephros 267
The Cloaca 274
The Genital Organs 279
Indifferent Stage 279
Internal Sexual Transformations 284
The External Genitalia 299
Homologies of the Urogenital System 303
References Cited 305
CHAPTER Ⅺ．-THE VASCULAR SYSTEM 306
Angiogenesis 306
Hemopoiesis 307
The Primitive Vascular System 312
Development of the Heart 316
External Changes in the Heart 319
Internal Changes in the Heart 321
Development of the Arteries 331
Development of the Veins 341
Fetal Circulation and the Changes at Birth 352
The Lymphatic System 354
References Cited 358
CHAPTER Ⅻ．-THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 360
Histogenesis of the Supporting Tissues 360
Connective Tissue 360
Cartilage 362
Bone 362
Morphogenesis of the Skeleton 369
The Axial Skeleton 369
The Appendicular Skeleton 383
References Cited 386
CHAPTER ⅩⅢ．-THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 387
The Histogenesis of Muscle 387
Morphogenesis of the Muscles 390
References Cited 396
ECTODERMAL DERIVATIVES 397
CHAPTER ⅩⅣ．-THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 397
The Skin 397
The Nails 400
The Hair 401
Sebaceous Glands 404
Sweat Glands 405
Mammary Glands 406
References Cited 409
CHAPTER ⅩⅤ．-THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 410
Histogenesis of the Nervous Tissues 410
Morphogenesis of the Central Nervous System 419
The Spinal Cord 421
The Brain 426
The Myelencephalon 432
The Metencephalon 436
The Mesencephalon 439
The Diencephalon 440
The Telencephalon 443
References Cited 454
CHAPTER ⅩⅥ．-THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 455
The Spinal Nerves 457
The Cranial Nerves 459
The Sympathetic Nervous System 468
The Chromaffin Bodies and Suprarenal Gland 471
References Cited 473
CHAPTER ⅩⅦ．-THE SENSE ORGANS 475
General Sensory Organs 475
The Gustatory Organ 476
The Nose 477
The Eye 482
The Ear 494
References Cited 504
PART Ⅲ．A LABORATORY MANUAL OF EMBRYOLOGY 505
CHAPTER ⅩⅧ．-THE STUDY OF CHICK EMBRYOS 505
The Unincubated Ovum and Embryos of the First Day 505
Embryo of Five Segments(Twenty-four Hours) 510
Embryo of Seven Segments(Twenty-five Hours) 511
Embryo of Seventeen Segments(Thirty-eight Hours) 519
Embryo of Twenty-seven Segments(Two Days) 529
Embryos of Three to Four Days 543
Embryos of Seven and Ten Days 546
CHAPTER ⅩⅨ．-THE STUDY OF PIG EMBRYOS 547
The Anatomy of a Six Mm．Pig Embryo 548
The Anatomy of a Ten Mm．Pig Embryo 551
The Anatomy of an Eighteen Mm．Pig Embryo 579
The Anatomy of a Thirty-five Mm．Pig Embryo 582
INDEX 587