INTRODUCTION 1
Part Ⅰ：SOCIOLOGY 3
Unit Ⅰ：SOCIAL TRENDS 3
Ⅰ．GENERAL SOCIAL TRENDS 3
Orientation 3
Economic Trends which Have an Immediate Bearing on Health 6
Social Trends which Have an Immediate Bearing on Health 9
Questions 20
Ⅱ．TRENDS IN SOCIAL LEGISLATION 21
The Social Security Program 21
Social Insurance 22
Public Assistance 23
Other Health and Welfare Services 25
Federal Legislation Relating to Servicemen in World War Ⅱ 27
Vocational Rehabilitation 29
The GI Bill 29
The Veterans Preference Act of June，1944 29
The Housing Program in the United States 30
The Federal Housing Administration(F．H．A．) 30
The Resettlement and Farm Security Administrations 31
The United States Housing Authority(U．S．H．A．) 31
The Lanham Act 34
The Tennessee Valley Authority 34
Federal Legislation Governing Labor 37
Workmen＇s Compensation 37
Legislation Governing Child Labor 39
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 40
Proposed Health Legislation 40
Proposed Federal Legislation Relating to Health 40
Questions 42
Suggested Problems 43
Bibliography 43
Unit Ⅱ：PERSONALITY AS A PRODUCT OF SOCIAL LIFE 45
INTRODUCTION 45
Ⅲ．CULTURE OF PRIMITIVE PEOPLES AND EARLY CIVILIZATIONS 48
The Upper Paleolithic Age 49
The Neolithic Age 49
Health Among Primitives 54
Poverty 54
Status of Women 55
Status of Young and Old 55
Training of Children 55
Civilization before the Fall of Rome 56
The Care of the Sick in the Early Civilizations 56
Questions 58
Ⅳ．BRIEF REVIEW OF CULTURAL CHANGE 59
Feudalism in Its Different Forms 59
Agricultural Feudalism 59
Urban Feudalism 61
The Beginning of Capitalism 62
The Industrial Revolution—Better termed Evolution 64
Modern Capitalism and Limitation by Legislation 66
Care of the Sick and the Culture of the Group 66
Questions 71
Ⅴ．RACE，NATIONALITY AND SOCIAL STATUS IN RELATION TO PERSONALITY 72
The Negro in the United States 74
The Health of the Negro 76
Conclusion 76
Personality of Immigrants 78
Contrast of Life in the＂Old Country＂and Present-Day America 78
History of Immigration in the United States 78
Immigration Laws 80
Contrast between Life in the Old Country and in United States 81
Some Representative Immigrant Groups 89
Immigration and Nursing 93
Questions 94
Ⅵ．PERSONALITY AS A PRODUCT OF SOCIAL LIFE 95
Suggested Problems 96
Bibliography 97
Unit Ⅲ：THE FAMILY 99
Ⅶ．BIOLOGICAL，ECONOMIC，EMOTIONAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS 99
The Historical Development of the Family 99
The Family among Primitive Peoples 99
The Patriarchal Family 100
The Family in the American Colonies 100
The Family in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries 100
Four Aspects of Family Life 101
Biological Interdependence 101
Economic Interdependence 102
Psychological Interdependence 105
Cultural Interdependence 108
American Levels of Family Living 108
Minimum of Subsistence Level 110
Minimum Health and Decency Level 110
The Comfort Level 110
The Socially Acceptable Level 110
The Family Living Standard in Relation to Health 112
In the City 113
In the Rural Area 115
Questions 117
Ⅷ．THE PARENTS AND THE HOME 118
Daily Family Life 118
Emotional Stability 119
Habit Problems Found among Normal Children 121
Eating 124
Sleep 126
Aggressive Acts．Anger and Temper Tantrums 126
Destructiveness 127
Behavior Problems Associated with Ownership 128
Retreat as a Method of Meeting Failure 129
Day-dreaming and Shyness 129
Jealousy 130
Lying 130
Behavior Problems Associated with Sex 131
Delinquency 131
Attitude toward Others 132
Problems of Adolescence 133
Questions 135
Ⅸ．THE MODERN FAMILY 136
Forces in Family Disorganization 136
Individualism of the Time 136
Life in the City 137
Women in Industry 138
Individual Forces which Lead to Family Disorganization 141
Neighborhood Forces which Lead to Family Disorganization 141
Family Reorganization 145
The Nurse and Institutions which Serve the Normal Family 146
Marriage and Family Guidance Clinics 146
Maternity Clinics 147
Well-Baby Clinics 147
The Clinic for the Preschool Child 147
Public Health Services in the Schools 147
The Clinic for Venereal Disease 147
Child Study and the Child Guidance Clinic 148
The Children＇s Bureau 149
The Day Nursery，Nursery School，and Child Center 150
Family Case Work 154
Questions 155
Suggested Problems 156
Bibliography 157
Unit Ⅳ：THE MODERN COMMUNITY—RURAL AND URBAN 158
INTRODUCTION 158
The Community as Part of the Region 158
Regional Planning 160
Social Institutions in the Community 161
Urban versus Rural Life 162
Ⅹ．THE RURAL COMMUNITY 165
The Rural Population：Farm and Non-Farm 165
Levels of Living in Rural Areas 166
The Farm：Types of Farms 168
The Trend after the War 176
Rural Non-Farm Community 178
Conclusion 181
Questions 181
Ⅺ．THE FUNCTIONS OF THE RURAL COMMUNITY 183
Rural Government 183
Social Control 184
Transportation and Communication 185
Farmers＇Organizations 186
Libraries 189
Recreation 189
Social Agencies 190
Health Work in the Country 194
Rural Hospitalization 194
Rural Planning 195
Questions 198
Ⅻ．THE CITY 199
Cities：Types，Location and Growth 199
Functions of the City 205
Government 205
City Services 206
Education 214
Recreation 216
Buying and Selling in the City 220
Houses 220
Furniture 221
Clothing 222
Food 223
Questions 224
ⅩⅢ．THE CITY(CONTINUED) 225
Social Agencies 225
Union of Health Service and Social Agencies 227
Two Social Institutions：The Family and the Church 232
Social Control of the City 233
City Planning 234
Questions 234
ⅩⅣ．THE CITY(CONTINUED) 235
The Place of Nursing in the Urban Community 235
Nursing in Urban Communities 235
Nursing in Deteriorated Areas 237
Nursing in Residential Areas 238
Nursing among the Wealthy 239
Industrial Nursing 239
Conclusion 242
Questions 242
Suggested Problems 242
Bibliography 244
Part Ⅱ：SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN NURSING SERVICE 246
INTRODUCTION 246
Unit Ⅰ：SOCIAL TREND IN NURSING SERVICE 247
ⅩⅤ．SOCIAL PROBLEMS 247
Social Problems Defined and Classified 247
Social Causes and Results of Disease 248
Medical Social Problems 249
Social Problems in Nursing Service 250
The Mass Attack on Medical Social Problems 253
Summary 254
Questions 254
ⅩⅥ．SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN HOSPITAL NURSING 255
Community Social Service 255
Hospital Social Service 257
Adjustment of Family and Friends to Patient＇s Condition 260
The Community and the Handicapped 261
Plan of Nursing Care 262
A Nursing Care Study 263
Questions 265
ⅩⅦ．INTEGRATION OF HOSPITAL NURSING AND SOCIAL SERVICE 266
The Student Nurse 267
Student Nurse＇s Participation in Social Problems 272
Medical Social Problems Met in Nursing Service 272
Cancer of the Rectum 272
Care of Patients with Amputations 274
Mild Mental Disorders in the Aged 275
Medical Social Problems in Nursing of Children 279
Medical Social Problems of the Diabetic 281
Work of the Hospital Social Service 282
Questions 285
Suggested Problems 286
Bibliography 286
Unit Ⅱ：MEDICAL SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF THE COMMUNITY 288
INTRODUCTION 288
ⅩⅧ．MEETING THE PROBLEM OF SICKNESS 289
Courses of Sickness 289
The Economic Cost of Sickness 293
Methods of Meeting the Problem of Sickness 293
Mutual Benefit Associations 294
Labor Unions 294
Fraternal Orders 294
Insurance Companies 294
Group Hospital Service Plans 296
The Place of Health Service in Urban Social Problems 298
Questions 299
ⅩⅨ．MAJOR HANDICAPS CAUSING MEDICAL SOCIAL PROBLEMS 300
Introduction 300
Blindness and Visual Disorders 301
Disease as a Cause of Blindness 302
Accident as Cause of Blindness 303
Prevention 303
Social Results of Blindness 305
Public and Private Aid to the Blind 307
Social Service and the Blind 308
Blindness Resulting from War Injuries 309
Case Study of a Blind Girl 310
Deafness and Impairment of Hearing 310
Heredity，Disease and Injury as Causes 311
Social Results of Deafness 312
Public and Private Aid to the Deaf 314
The Blind Deaf Mute 315
Deafness Resulting from War Injuries 316
Case Study of a Deaf Professional Man 316
Case Study of a Deaf Mute 316
The Crippled 317
Relative Frequency of Orthopedic Impairments 318
Causes of Crippling 319
Social Adjustment 319
Prevention and Relief 320
War Injuries 321
Case Study of a Crippled Boy 322
Venereal Disease as a Medical Social Problem 322
Incidence 323
Program for Prevention and Relief 323
Syphilis in War 326
Tuberculosis，Cancer，Diabetes，and Heart Disease as Medical Social Problems 326
Tuberculosis 326
Cancer 328
Diabetes 329
Heart Disease 330
Mental Deficiency as a Medical Social Problem 331
Causes of Mental Deficiency- 333
Social Adjustment 333
Prevention and Care 334
The Insane 335
Personality Maladjustment in Relation to Economic and Social Life 336
War Injuries：The Mentally or Emotionally Handicapped 337
The Alcoholic and the Drug Addict 338
The Criminal and the Prostitute 339
Classification of Crimes 340
Women in Prostitution 342
The Dependent Child 342
Care of the Dependent Child 342
The Illegitimate Child 344
Summaries of Case Studies 345
The Aged 346
Old Age 346
Care of the Old 346
Youth 348
Bad Effects of Working Conditions 351
Youth＇s Contribution to Family Support 351
The Homeless 352
The Homeless Man and Woman 352
Homeless Youth 354
Homeless Families 356
Questions 357
Suggested Problems 357
Bibliography 358
GLOSSARY 360
INDEX 370