INTRODUCTION：The Communist League，1847-1852 1
PART ONE MANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY 25
Ⅰ．Bourgeois and Proletarians 25
Ⅱ．Proletarians and Communists 42
Ⅲ．Socialist and Communist Literature 54
1．Reactionary Socialism 54
(a)Feudalistic Socialism 54
(b)Petty-bourgeois Socialism 56
(c)German，or＂true＂Socialism 57
2．Conservative or Bourgeois Socialism 61
3．Critical-Utopian Socialism and Communism 63
Ⅳ．Attitude of the Communists towards the various Opposition Parties 66
PART TWO EXPLANATORY NOTES 69
Ⅰ．Bourgeois and Proletarians 69
1．The Harrying of the Communists in 1847 69
2．Haxthausen，Maurer，and Morgan 69
3．The Decline of the Medieval Economy，the Age of Geographical Discovery，and the Beginnings of the World Market 71
4．Manufacture 74
5．The Industrial Revolution and the Development of Machinofacture 75
6．Political Evolution of the Bourgeoisie 77
7．The Growth of Exchange and the Dominion of Cash-Payment 80
8．Revolutionary Character of Capitalism 84
9．The Spread of Capitalism throughout the World 85
10．Quantitative and Qualitative Growth of the World Market 85
11．Development of the Means of Communication and Transport under the Capitalist System 86
12．Cleavage between Town and Countryside 89
13．The Accumulation of Capital 91
14．Capitalism and Man＇s Conquest over Nature 93
15．A Few Words Concerning the Theory and the History of Crises 97
16．Historical Evolution of the Proletariat 99
17．The Division of Labour During the Epochs of Manufacture and Largescale Production(Machinofacture) 102
18．Labour and Labour Power 103
19．Factory Despotism 106
20．Labour of Women and Children 107
21．Worker Gives Credit to Capitalist 108
22．The Petty and Middle Bourgeoisie fall into the Ranks of the Proletariat 109
23．Various Forms of Working-Class Protest Against Capitalism 109
24．The Proletarians as Pawns in the Bourgeois Game 112
25．Origin and Growth of the Trade Union Movement 113
26．Political Organisation of the Working Class—Chartism 116
27．Antagonisms Within Bourgeois Society—the Use made of these Conflicts by the Proletariat 118
28．Proletariat，＂People，＂and Peasantry—Importance of the Forms of Exploitation 122
29．The Proletariat and Respect for Law 128
30．Evolution and Revolution—International Character of the Proletarian Movement 131
31．Capitalist Accumulation leads to the Impoverishment and Degradation of the Working Class—Expropriation of the Expropriators 133
Ⅱ．Proletarians and Communists 136
32．Communists and the Working-Class Parties 136
33．Feudalist Property and Bourgeois Property 138
34．Capital is the Outcome of a Specific and Transient Phase of Social Evolution 142
35．Private and Individual Property—the Principle of Distribution in a Communist Society 144
36．The Dominion of Capital over Labour 146
37．Bourgeois Personality and Human Personality 147
38．Bourgeois Love of Work and Proletarian Sloth 149
39．Material Production and Mental Production 151
40．Supposed Fixity of the Bourgeois Type of Society 158
41．The Family in Bourgeois Society 161
42．The Workers and＂Their＂Country 167
43．The Class War and the Historical Process 170
44．Evolution in Ethics，Social Science，and Natural Science 173
45．The Dictatorship of the Proletariat 177
46．Communist Program for the Transition Period 180
47．Centralisation and the State 191
Ⅲ．Socialist and Communist Literature 197
48．Reactionary Romanticism 197
49．Feudalistic Socialism 199
50．Christian Socialism 206
51．Sismondi 210
52．＂True＂Socialism 213
53．Proudhon 223
54．Bourgeois Philanthropy 226
55．Babeuf 227
56．The Great Utopists 231
57．Communists in France and in Germany 237
58．Owenites and Chartists 240
Ⅳ．Attitude of Communists towards the various Opposition Parties 242
59．Communists and the Working-Class Organisations of England and of the United States of America 242
60．Communists and Radicals in France and in Switzerland 245
61．Communists and the Polish Question 247
62．Tasks of the Communists in Germany 250
63．Communists and Democrats 253
PART THREE APPENDIXES 255
(A)Ryazanoff＇s Preface to the First Russian Edition of the Present Volume 255
(B)Ryazanoff＇s Preface to the Second Russian Edition of the Present Volume 257
(C)Prefaces to the Communist Manifesto： 259
1．Authors＇ Preface to the German Edition of 1872 259
2．Engels＇ Preface to the German Edition of 1883 261
3．Engels＇ Preface to the German Edition of 1890 262
4．Engels＇ Preface to the Polish Edition of 1892 269
5．Engels＇ Preface to the Italian Edition of 1893 270
(D)The Revolutionary Movements of 1847，＆by F．Engels 272
(E)＂Communist Journal，＂London，Sept．1847 Introduction 286
Citizen Cabet＇s Emigration Scheme 294
The Prussian Diet and the Prussian Proletariat，together with the Proletariat throughout Germany 298
German Emigrants 312
Political and Social Survey 315
(F)Principles of Communism，by F．Engels 319
(G)Rules and Constitution of the Communist League 340
(H)Demands of the Communist Party in Germany 345
(J)Chronological Table 348
BIBLIOGRAPHY 355
INDEX 358