CHAPTER 1 The Meanings and Dimensions of Culture 2
Objectives of the Chapter 2
The World of Business Week:Will Coke's Water Meet Its Waterloo? 2
The Nature of Culture 3
Cultural Diversity 4
Values in Culture 7
Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions 11
Power Distance 12
Uncertainty Avoidance 12
Individualism 12
Masculinity 13
Integrating the Dimensions 15
Attitudinal Dimensions of Culture 17
Work Value and Attitude Similarities 17
Country Clusters 18
Trompenaars's Cultural Dimensions 19
Universalism vs.Particularism 20
Individualism vs.Communitarianism 22
Neutral vs.Emotional 23
Specific vs.Diffuse 23
Achievement vs.Ascription 24
Time 24
The Environment 25
Cultural Patterns or Clusters 26
Integrating Culture and Management:The GLOBE Project 27
Culture and Management 28
GLOBE's Cultural Dimensions 28
GLOBE Country Analysis 29
The World of BusinessWeek—Revisited 29
Summary of Key Points 30
Key Terms 30
Review and Discussion Questions 31
Internet Exercise:BMW Goes National and International 31
You Be the International Management Consultant:A Jumping-Off Place 32
CHAPTER 2 Managing Across Cultures 34
Objectives of the Chapter 34
The World of Business Week:Waking Up Heineken 34
The Strategy for Managing Across Cultures 38
Strategic Predispositions 38
Meeting the Challenge 39
Cross-Cultural Differences and Similarities 43
Parochialism and Simplification 43
Similarities Across Cultures 45
Many Differences Across Cultures 45
Cultural Differences in Selected Countries and Regions 50
Doing Business in China 50
Doing Business in Russia 52
Doing Business in India 54
Doing Business in France 55
Doing Business in Arab Countries 56
The World of BusinessWeek—Revisited 58
Summary of Key Points 58
Key Terms 59
Review and Discussion Questions 59
Internet Exercise:Sony's Approach 59
In the International Spotlight:Mexico 60
You Be the International Management Consultant:Beijing,HereWe Come! 61
CHAPTER 3 Organizational Cultures and Diversity 62
Objectives of the Chapter 62
The World of Business Week:A Tale of Two Auto Mergers 62
The Nature of Organizational Culture 64
Definition and Characteristics 64
Interaction Between National and Organizational Cultures 65
Organizational Cultures in MNCs 69
Family Culture 71
Eiffel Tower Culture 71
GuidedMissile Culture 72
Incubator Culture 73
Managing Multiculturalism and Diversity 75
Phases of Multicultural Development 75
Types of Multiculturalism 76
Potential Problems Associated with Diversity 79
Advantages of Diversity 80
Building Multicultural Team Effectiveness 81
The World of BusinessWeek—Revisited 83
Summary of Key Points 84
Key Terms 84
Review and Discussion Questions 85
Internet Exercise:Hewlett-Packard's International Focus 85
In the International Spotlight:Japan 86
You Be the International Management Consultant:A Good-Faith Effort Is Needed 87
CHAPTER 4 Cross-Cultural Communication and Negotiation 88
Objectives of the Chapter 88
The World of Business Week:A New World for Microsoft? 88
The Overall Communication Process 90
Verbal Communication Styles 91
Interpretation of Communications 93
Communication Flows 94
Downward Communication 94
Upward Communication 96
Communication Barriers 97
Language Barriers 97
Cultural Barriers 99
Perceptual Barriers 100
The Impact of Culture 102
Nonverbal Communication 103
Achieving Communication Effectiveness 106
Improve Feedback Systems 106
Provide Language Training 107
Provide Cultural Training 107
Increase Flexibility and Cooperation 107
Managing Cross-Cultural Negotiations 109
The Negotiation Process 110
Cultural Differences Affecting Negotiations 111
Negotiation Tactics 112
Bargaining Behaviors 114
The World of BusinessWeek—Revisited 117
Summary of Key Points 117
Key Terms 117
Review and Discussion Questions 118
Internet Exercise:Working Effectively at Toyota 118
In the International Spotlight:China 119
You Be the International Management Consultant:Foreign or Domestic? 120
Brief Integrative Case 1:Cross-Cultural Conflicts in the Corning-Vitro Joint Venture 121
Brief Integrative Case 2:Integrating National and Organizational Cultures:Chemical Bank's Mergers in Europe 123
In-Depth Integrative Case 1:Euro Disneyland 126
In-Depth Integrative Case 2:Wal-Mart's Japan Strategy 136
Endnotes 143
Glossary 150