1．The Name and Nature of Translation Studies 1
2．The Nature and Role of Norms in Translation 15
3．Science of Translation 30
4．The Task of the Translator 47
5．Chinese and Western Thinking on Translation 57
6．What Distinguishes Major Types of Translation? 70
7．A Descriptive Framework for Compensation 89
8．Translation and Original:Similarities and Dissimilarities 109
9．Linguistic Models and Methods in the Study of Translation 128
10．Skopos and Commission in Translational Action 139
11．Translation Shifts 153
12．The Concept"Shift of Expression"in Translation Analysis 163
13．Computerized Corpora and the Future of Translation Studies 170
14．Corpora in Translation Studies:An Overview and Some Suggestions for Future Research 179
15．Polysystem Theory 196
16．The Position of Translated Literature within the Literary Polysystem 214
17．Review of Approaches to Evaluating the Quality of a Translation 222
18．The Measure of Translation Effects 247
References 269