Ⅰ: STARTING POINTS, THEORETICAL AND FACTUAL 1
1.THE ECOLOGICAL APPROACH IN ANTHROPOLOGY 1
The Limitations of Traditional Approaches 1
Cultural Ecology 6
2. TWO TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM 12
Inner vs. Outer Indonesia 12
Swidden 15
Sawah 28
Ⅱ: THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF THE PATTERN 38
3. THE CLASSICAL PERIOD 38
4. THE COLONIAL PERIOD: FOUNDATIONS 47
The Company 47
The Culture System 52
5. THE COLONIAL PERIOD: FLORESCENCE 83
The Corporate Plantation System 83
The Development of Outer Indonesia 103
Ⅲ: THE OUTCOME 124
6.COMPARISONS AND PROSPECTS 124
The Present Situation 124
Java and Japan 130
The Outline of the Future 143
BIBLIOGRAPHY 157
INDEX 173