1 Fundamentals of Reservoir Evaluation 1
Text 1
1.1 Definitions of Geological Terms 1
1.2 Definitions of Petrophysical Terms 4
New Words and Expressions 8
Notes 10
2 Electrical Log 12
Text 12
2.1 Spontaneous Potential Logs 12
2.2 Resistivity and Conductivity Logs 17
New Words and Expressions 34
Notes 35
3 Nuclear Logs 38
Text 38
3.1 Gamma Ray and Spectral Gamma Ray Logs 38
3.2 Density Log 50
3.3 The Photoelectric Factor Log 56
3.4 Neutron Log 60
New Words and Expressions 71
Notes 73
4 Sonic Logs 75
Text 75
4.1 Principles of Measurement 75
4.2 Tools 76
4.3 Log Characteristics 79
4.4 Quantitative Uses 80
4.5 Qualitative Uses 82
4.6 Full Waveform Acoustic Logs 86
New Words and Expressions 93
Notes 95
5 Electrical and Acoustic Imaging Logs 96
Text 99
5.1 Electrical Imaging 99
5.2 Electrical Image Interpretation 102
5.3 Electrical Image Sedimentary Interpretation 106
5.4 Electrical Image Structural Interpretation 110
5.5 Quantitative Uses of Electrical Images 114
5.6 Acoustic Imaging 115
5.7 Acoustic Imaging Tool Interpretation 120
5.8 Some Examples of Acoustic Imaging Tool Interpretation 121
5.9 Quantitative Interpretation of Acoustic Images 125
New Words and Expressions 126
Notes 128
6 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logs 130
Text 130
6.1 Physical Principles of the Measurements 130
6.2 Relaxation Mechanism 135
6.3 Measurement Principle Summary 138
6.4 The Sondes 138
6.5 Geological Factors Influencing The NMR Measurements 147
6.6 Applications 147
New Words and Expressions 153
Notes 154
7 Cased Hole and Production Logs 155
Text 155
7.1 Carbon/Oxygen Log 155
7.2 Radioactive Tracer Log 169
7.3 Oxygen Activation Log 179
7.4 Bulk Flow Rate Measurement 186
New Words and Expressions 194
Notes 197
8 Shaly Formation Interpretation 199
Text 200
8.1 The Nature of Shale 200
8.2 Shale or Clay Distribution in Shaly Sand 201
8.3 Shaly Sand Interpretation Model 204
8.4 Cation Exchange Capacity 204
8.5 Shale Porosity and Conductivity 208
8.6 Application of Dual Water Model to Shaly Sand 211
New Words and Expressions 215
Notes 216
References 217