Ⅰ．LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS 1
1．What Is Language?&by Archibald A.Hill 1
2．Language:An Introduction&by W.F.Bolton 13
3．Language Universals&by Julia S.Falk Victoria Fromkin 27
4．Language,Thought,and Culture&by Peter Woolfson 35
5．What Is Linguistics?&by Winfred P.Lehmann 44
Ⅱ．ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE 52
6．Phonology&by Robert E.Callary 52
7．Morphology&by Ronald Wardhaugh 81
8．Morphology and Some Morphological Processes Ohio State University Language Files 94
9．Word-Making:Some Sources of New Words&by W.Nelson Francis 102
10．The Surface of Syntax&by Julia S.Falk 114
11．The Grammars of English&by Medelon E.Heatherington 129
12．A Primerof Transformational Grammar&by Suzette Haden Elgin 142
13．Semantics:The Meanings of Language&by Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman 166
14．Pragmatics&by Madelon E.Heatherington 206
15．Pragmatics and Communication&by Neil Smith and Deirdre Wilson 213
16．Languages and Writing&by John P.Hughes 228
Ⅲ．LANGUAGE VARIATION:REGIONAL AND SOCIAL 247
17．Language Variation&by Ronald Wardhaugh 247
18．Speech Communities&by Paul Roberts 263
19．Regional Variations&by Albert H.Marckwardt 273
20．Social Dialects&by Julia S.Falk 284
Ⅳ．LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND THE BRAIN 294
21．The Acquisition of Language&by Breyne A.Moskowitz 294
22．The Linguistic Development of Children&by M.M.Lewis 324
23．Developmental Milestones in Motor and Language Development&by Eric H.Lenneberg 334
24．Language and the Brain&by Kathryn Bayles 339
Ⅴ．ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE 355
25．The Origin of Language&by Charles L.Barber 355
26．In the Beginning:Language Origin&by Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman 367
27．The Origin and Evolution of Language&by Dwight Bolinger and Donald A.Sears 379
28．Language Change&by Ronald Wardhaugh 390
29．Why Do Languages Change?&by Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman 411
Ⅵ．COMPARATIVE AND HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS 415
30．Historical-Comparative Linguistics&by Ronald Wardhaugh 415
31．Language Families&by Dieter Wunderlich 431
32．The Indo-European Language Family&by James D.Gordon 434
33．Sino-Tibetan Languages from Encyclopaedia Britannica 441
34．A Brief History of English&by Paul Roberts 455
Ⅶ．NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION 466
35．A Structure for the Analysis of Nonverbal Communication&by Mark L.Knapp 466
36．Kinesics and Cross-Cultural Understanding&by Genelle Morain 479
37．Barrier Signals:Body-Defense Actions in Social Situations&by Desmond Morris 494
38．Learning to Read Gestures&by Gerard I.Nierenberg and Henry H.Calero 498
39．Winking,Blinking and Nods&by Julius Fast 508
40．Space Speaks&by Edward T.Hall 518
Ⅷ．ANIMAL COMMUNICATION 533
41．Animal"Languages"&by Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman 533
42．The Nim Chimpsky Experiment&by Herbert S.Terrace 544
43．Performing Animals:Secrets of the Trade&by Thomas A.Sebeok and Jean Umiker-Sebeok 570
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 578