CHAPTER 1 AESTHETICS OF THE FOREHEAD AND BROW 1
Introduction 1
General Facial Aesthetics 1
Brow Facial Aesthetics 3
Conclusion 5
CHAPTER 2 SURGICAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE FOREHEAD AND BROW 7
Introduction 7
Bones 7
Muscles 11
Vascular Supply 12
Nerves 13
Fascial Layers 17
Dynamic Theory of Brow Position and Form:The Four Dimensions 24
Summary 24
CHAPTER 3 BRIEF HISTORY OF AESTHETIC FOREHEAD SURGERY 27
Tissue Suspension 27
Functional Browlifting 29
Physiologic Browlifting 29
Conclusion 30
CHAPTER 4 PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION AND PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE FOREHEAD REJUVENATION PATIENT 33
Introduction 33
The Preconsultation 33
The Consultation 34
The Surgeon's Preparation 45
Perioperative Considerations 45
Conclusion 47
CHAPTER 5 DIRECT BROWLIFT 49
Introduction 49
History 49
Rationale and Scientific Basis 49
Advantages， Disadvantages， and Alternatives 50
Indications and Contraindication 50
Range of Anesthesia 50
Equipment 51
Operating Room Setup 51
Incisions 51
Plane of Dissection 52
Tissue Modifications 53
Wound Closure 54
Postoperative Management 54
Results 55
Complications: Incidence， Management， and Avoidance 57
Conclusions 57
CHAPTER 6 MIDFOREHEAD LIFT 59
Introduction 59
History 59
Rationale and Scientific Basis 60
Indications and Contraindications 61
Advantages，Disadvantages，and Alternatives 61
Range of Anesthesia 61
Equipment 61
Operating Room Setup 62
Incisions 62
Planes of Dissection 64
Tissue Modifications 64
Wound Closure 67
Postoperative Management 67
Complications:Incidence，Management，and Avoidance 68
Conclusion 69
CHAPTER 7 CORONAL FOREHEAD LIFT 71
Introduction 71
History 72
Rationale and Scientific Basis 72
Advantages，Disadvantages，and Alternatives 73
Indications and Contraindications 74
Range of Anesthesia 74
Equipment 74
Operating Room Setup 74
Incisions 75
Plane of Dissection 77
Tissue Modifications 78
Wound Closure 82
Postoperative Management 82
Complications:Incidence，Management，and Avoidance 84
Conclusion 85
Addendum:CoronalSubcutaneous Forehead Lift 85
CHAPTER 8 LIMITED INCISION APPROACHES FOR BROW AND FOREHEAD REJUVENATION PROCEDURES 89
Introduction 89
History 89
Rationale and Scientific Basis 90
Advantages，Disadvantages， and Alternatives 90
Indications and Contraindications 91
Range of Anesthesia 92
Equipment 92
Operating Room Setup 92
Techniques 93
Postoperative Management 104
Complications:Incidence，Management，and Avoidance 104
Conclusions 106
CHAPTER 9 ENDOSCOPIC FOREHEAD LIFT 109
Introduction 109
History 109
Rationale and Scientific Basis 110
Advantages，Disadvantages，and Alternatives 111
Indications and Contraindications 111
Range of Anesthesia 112
Equipment 112
Operating Room Setup 112
Incisions 114
Plane(s) of Dissection 115
Tissue Modifications 120
Wound Closure 126
Dressings 126
Technique Modifications 126
Postoperative Management 126
Complications:Incidence，Management，and Avoidance 128
Conclusions 132
CHAPTER 10 NONSURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE AGING FOREHEAD AND BROW 135
Introduction 135
History 135
Rationale and Scientific Basis 136
Advantages，Disadvantages，and Alternatives 137
Indications and Contraindications 137
Range of Anesthesia 137
Equipment 137
Incisions 138
Procedures 138
Complications:Incidence，Management，and Avoidance 144
Conclusion 147
INDEX 149