1 Introduction 1
1.1 Past approaches and problems 13
1.2 Cognitively oriented recent work in semantics 16
1.3 Semantic change and polysemy patterns:metaphorical connections between semantic fields 18
2 Semantic structure and semantic change:English perception-verbs in an Indo-European context 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 The Mind-as-Body Metaphor 28
2.3 Sense-perception verbs in English and Indo-European 32
2.4 The structure of our metaphors of perception 37
2.5 Conclusions 45
3 Modality 49
3.1 Introduction 49
3.2 The root modals in English 51
3.3 Epistemic modality as an extension of root modality 56
3.4 Speech-act verbs and speech-act modality 69
3.5 Conclusions 73
4 Conjunction,coordination,and subordination 76
4.1 Causal and adversative conjunctions 76
4.2 And,or,and but 86
4.3 Conclusions 111
5 Conditionals 113
5.1 Conditionals in three domains 113
5.2 Real and apparent ambiguities between classes of conditionals 121
5.3 If as a topic marker 125
5.4 The even-if reading of conditionals 133
5.5 Conclusions 141
Appendix to section 5.1.3 142
6 Retrospect and prospect 145
Notes 149
References 159
Index of names 168
Subject index 170