从语源学到语用学 语义结构的隐喻和文化内涵=From Etymology To PRAGMATIcs Metaphorical and Cultural Aspects of Aspects SePDF电子书下载

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Past approaches and problems 13

1.2 Cognitively oriented recent work in semantics 16

1.3 Semantic change and polysemy patterns:metaphorical connections between semantic fields 18

2 Semantic structure and semantic change:English perception-verbs in an Indo-European context 23

2.1 Introduction 23

2.2 The Mind-as-Body Metaphor 28

2.3 Sense-perception verbs in English and Indo-European 32

2.4 The structure of our metaphors of perception 37

2.5 Conclusions 45

3 Modality 49

3.1 Introduction 49

3.2 The root modals in English 51

3.3 Epistemic modality as an extension of root modality 56

3.4 Speech-act verbs and speech-act modality 69

3.5 Conclusions 73

4 Conjunction,coordination,and subordination 76

4.1 Causal and adversative conjunctions 76

4.2 And,or,and but 86

4.3 Conclusions 111

5 Conditionals 113

5.1 Conditionals in three domains 113

5.2 Real and apparent ambiguities between classes of conditionals 121

5.3 If as a topic marker 125

5.4 The even-if reading of conditionals 133

5.5 Conclusions 141

Appendix to section 5.1.3 142

6 Retrospect and prospect 145

Notes 149

References 159

Index of names 168

Subject index 170